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China

China Records Slowest Population Growth In Decades (bbc.com) 145

An anonymous reader quotes a report from the BBC: China's population grew at its slowest pace in decades, according to government data released on Tuesday. The average annual growth rate was 0.53% over the past 10 years, down from a rate of 0.57% between 2000 and 2010 -- bringing the population to 1.41 billion. The results add pressure on Beijing to boost measures for couples to have more babies and avert a population decline. The results were announced in a once-a-decade census, which was originally expected to be released in April. The census was conducted in late 2020 where some seven million census takers had gone door-to-door to collect information from Chinese households. Given the sheer number of people surveyed, it is considered the most comprehensive resource on China's population, which is important for future planning.

Ning Jizhe, head of the National Bureau of Statistics revealed that 12 million babies were born last year -- a significant decrease from the 18 million newborns in 2016. However he added that it was "still a considerable number." [...] China's working-age population -- which it defines as people aged between 16 and 59 -- has also declined by 40 million as compared to the last census in 2010. But chief methodologist Zeng Yuping said that the total size "remains big" with 880 million. "We still have an abundant labour force," he said. However, [principal economist from The Economist Intelligence Unit, Ms Yue Su] warned that going forward, continued drops in the labour force "will place a cap on China's potential economic growth." She added: "The demographic dividend that propelled the country's economic rise over recent decades is set to dissipate quickly."
Last month, the Census Bureau reported that the United States population grew at the slowest rate since the 1930s, "a remarkable slackening that was driven by a leveling off of immigration and a declining birthrate," reports The New York Times.
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China Records Slowest Population Growth In Decades

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  • by nucrash ( 549705 ) on Tuesday May 11, 2021 @08:07AM (#61372608)

    I am torn about this in that our economy is built on growth. Until we shift our economic factors, we are going to see this cause problems and panic down the road.

    On the flip side, the planet would be better off with far fewer people. We have seen enough species wiped out already. If we actually witness a population decline, the world might be better off even though our economy won't be.

    I guess we will have to learn a way to profit from fewer consumers or reinvent how currency is provisioned.

    • by e3m4n ( 947977 )
      yea I thought the entire point of 1 child policies was to cut the population in half after a few decades. If two people get replaced with just 1, that is going to cut the population in half. If 2 people have 2 kids the population stays the same. If 2 people have 10 kids and mooch off government handouts, or pimp their family out on cable network channels, its unsustainable if the majority of the population attempts this. Replicating like a virus becomes just as destructive to its host, just like a virus.
    • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

      by Joce640k ( 829181 )

      The economy isn't built on population growth.

      • by LostOne ( 51301 )

        Not directly, no. But the current system is predicated on perpetual growth. One of the major drivers of that growth over the past few centuries is population growth. (Others include industrialization and colonialism, both of which have obvious limits.)

        Any time you see someone talking about "sustainable growth", you know they either don't understand what that means, don't understand how exponential functions work, or have a vested interest in the current system. (Perpetual growth is impossible, no matter wha

        • by ghoul ( 157158 )
          You could have the same population but each person consuming more and still have growth. e.g. if the entire world consumes at the rate of USA consumers than you would have a world economy 6 times bigger. That leaves a lot of room for reducing population while growing the economy and improving living standards.
          • by LostOne ( 51301 )

            As I said, *one* of the major drivers. But increased consumption also has limits. Again. Perpetual growth is literally impossible. (And, no, inflation is *not* real growth.)

            • by ghoul ( 157158 )
              When we near those limits and we have no more poverty we can talk about adjustments but in the meantime unbridled growth has lifted more people out of poverty than any other system so the anti growth folks are basically "We got ours, now that its your chance lets talk about the planet"
      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        by Moridineas ( 213502 )

        The economy isn't built on population growth.

        It pretty much is. The economy is built on growth, of which population growth is one of the bigger factors.

        Let's say this. I work in an industry that provides widgets for college students. There are 20 million students today--that's our target market right there. Let's say in 2025 there will be 18 million students. And in 2027 there will be 16 million students. And by 2030 we'll be down to 13 million students. (Completely made up numbers, just go with it)

        Will my company be able to sustain as many employees

        • Will my company be able to sustain as many employees at that point? Will we have seen a decade of increasing revenue and profits? What about our competitor companies?

          If there are going to be 35% fewer students in 10 years, there are going to be 35% fewer employees soon too. The company will either find another market or shrink. Happens all the time in some industries and the world doesn't end.

          Japan has had negative population growth for like 15 years but the lost decade happened before that and the things about the economy that sucked before still suck the same way.

          • If there are going to be 35% fewer students in 10 years, there are going to be 35% fewer employees soon too. The company will either find another market or shrink. Happens all the time in some industries and the world doesn't end.

            Yes, I absolutely agree with this. But compound it out to all of society, and the picture changes a great deal.

            Many decisions are easy to make if the population is growing. Should my town invest the money into upgrading the old water treatment plant if the population is going to drop by 20%? Can my town make the payments it owes on other projects that have been built on credit and bonds over the past half century if the population growth reverses?

            Japan has had negative population growth for like 15 years but the lost decade happened before that and the things about the economy that sucked before still suck the same way.

            I just looked it up, and it looks more like the population d

          • The US economy is driven on consumer spending. A 35% decline in consumers would be devastating to the US economy. Our economy is designed entirely around growth, without that growth the economy stagnates and then will begin retreating.

    • The planet in what sense? That is a nonsensical statement. The planet is a rock. As for all the creatures living on it, well maybe they should reduce their population. As for humans, we can survive by increasing our clean energy supplies and going multi-planetary.

    • This is why I was always interested in the colonization of Mars.
      The whole backup planet in case of disaster thing always seemed like a pretty lame excuse for it, but imagine another Earth worth of people doing science and art and sharing the unique experiences of living on another planet.
      Definitely not expecting that much progress in my lifetime, but all the more reason to start sooner rather than later.

    • by tomhath ( 637240 ) on Tuesday May 11, 2021 @10:14AM (#61373084)

      I am torn about this in that our economy is built on growth.

      You have it backwards. The economy must grow to support an increasing population. Steady or shrinking population does not require a growing economy.

      • It doesn't actually have to grow to support the population. Decades of productively increases have taken care of that. It has to grow to support the stock market. But our elites depend on the stock market for their wealth and power and when it drops they take it out of our hides in the form of Austerity.. We could stop them, but so far we've refused to do so.
        • But our elites depend on the stock market

          So do all of the non-elites. Anyone with a pension or a 401k depends on the stock market for their retirement. Especially after Social Security becomes insolvent.

    • by shanen ( 462549 )

      Nice FP. My favored solution approach would be regulated and sane growth. If you do the math, exponential growth and geological time can't go together, but at the species level, we should be considering geological time. (At least I hope so.)

  • The results add pressure on Beijing to boost measures for couples to have more babies and avert a population decline.

    I see no reason for that, if anything the Earth population should decline substantially which will greatly reduce our huge negative environmental impact and slow down AGW.

    • The results add pressure on Beijing to boost measures for couples to have more babies and avert a population decline.

      I see no reason for that, if anything the Earth population should decline substantially which will greatly reduce our huge negative environmental impact and slow down AGW.

      Nature will take care of population decline if we don't.

  • If they're worried about loss of culture or something along those lines, no need to be concerned. Based on where I live, feels like there's another billion (and growing) or so Chinese living abroad.
    • > If they're worried about loss of culture or something along those lines

      What they are worried about is when you have twice as many retired people as working-age people, and you haven't saved, each worker has to support both of their parents. As well as supporting themselves and their kids.

      The one-child policy of 1979â"2015 means each worker has to support both of their parents. (Though many couples had two children).

      Some would suggest playing shell games with taxes and such but that doesn't get you

      • I was thinking about the one-child policy recently in the context of unanticipated changes.

        There are entire generations and huge swathes of the country for which the words "uncle," "aunt," and "cousin" are basically unknown. What a huge cultural shift that must be.

    • by hey! ( 33014 )

      I think they're worried about change. And by "they" I particularly mean the politicians. Chinese politicians don't really care about the huáqiáo (overseas Chinese) except as they may be useful to *national* prestige and power. If you are in the US, for example, those Chinese people around you are Americans, or if they are immigrants their children will be and will identify as Americans.

      The Chinese government has had a pretty good run since 1990, both in terms of raising the country's internatio

  • Population pyramid (Score:5, Informative)

    by jlar ( 584848 ) on Tuesday May 11, 2021 @08:24AM (#61372674)

    "The results add pressure on Beijing to boost measures for couples to have more babies and avert a population decline."

    A population decline in China cannot be avoided. If you look at the population pyramid of China (check the one on wikipedia) you will see that the large female cohorts of 10-14 million per age group (one year) in their thirties that are going out of the fertile age range are about to be replaced by cohorts of around 7 million females per age group. No policy will reverse this decline. China is heading for a population bust in the coming decades. And if you look at the fertility rates of other East Asian countries the fertility rate in China is more likely to fall further than to increase.

    • China is heading for a population bust in the coming decades. And if you look at the fertility rates of other East Asian countries the fertility rate in China is more likely to fall further than to increase.

      Its an increasing issue worldwide. As usual, we always look at these things on the female side. They might want to look into why so many men are choosing to opt out of reproducing.

      • China has a surplus of 25-50M men and a culture which does not promote polyamory. Even if they did, no number of men can make a woman have a baby faster.

        • True, although through fertility drugs one can increase the odds of having more children per a pregnancy.

          • True, although through fertility drugs one can increase the odds of having more children per a pregnancy.

            Turn her into a factory, amirite?

            The entire idea of women waiting until their fertility declines, then using heroic measures to have children - is a great example of a lack of understanding of both fertility and having healthy offspring, and if a woman is interested in a career - having them take time off at the time when careerists are hitting their stride.

        • China has a surplus of 25-50M men and a culture which does not promote polyamory. Even if they did, no number of men can make a woman have a baby faster.

          You would think that in such a culture, that men would be fighing over the prize - to impregnate a woman. That's along my point. With all these men - it would seem that the women would have their choice of the best reproductive partners willing to do anything at all to gain her favor. And yet, that is not happening at all.

          This is my point. Despite the narrative, there is more than one person involved in creating a family. Perhaps looking at the reasons why men have leaned out is in order.

          • by ezdiy ( 2717051 )

            Perhaps looking at the reasons why men have leaned out is in order.

            Not really - this is well known in demographics - when males are in surplus, the sexual selection gets *less* heated and violent due to individually reduced operational range to take high risks. It's contrary to layman's intuition, but perfectly rational in game-theoretic sense.

            It is a general effect present in most zero-sum games. The larger and more stable is the status quo, the less are participants willing to rock the boat. Disillusion a

            • Perhaps looking at the reasons why men have leaned out is in order.

              Not really - this is well known in demographics - when males are in surplus, the sexual selection gets *less* heated and violent due to individually reduced operational range to take high risks.

              But I don't think demographics is so mature that it cannot take more data.

              I can certainly agree with the concept of surplus males. In the USA there are ~ 7.43 million more women than men. So there will always be a surplus of unmarried women. https://www.statista.com/stati... [statista.com]

              And there is no argument with your basic statements. But we have thrown another few irons in the fire, at least in the western world.

              Note, what I say here is against current narrative, so not to be read if easily triggered.

              Women

              • by ezdiy ( 2717051 )

                So unattached males with no prospect for either love or career, backing off from strong successful women who have decided to put off marriage and family until they are a few years from menopause, oh yeah - it isn't pretty.

                I'm not really a fan line of argument, as the "career women effect" is too difficult to correlate causally - vis a vis Asian cultures with ghastly demographics especially (Korea, Japan, Singapore), as well as super-patriarchal places like Saudi Arabia that inexplicably slide into the demog

                • Do people give up on family values because women no longer have chains in the kitchen, or are there far larger forces at play than feminism?

                  Depends on how far you spread the concept of feminism. Women initiate divorce in some 70 percent of cases, and unless she is a methhead, or on the sexual offenders list, she's almost certain to get custody. You get to pay for children you see on weekends and every other holiday. And if you do, you can even pay for children that other men have fathered with her, while you were married, You are casting even odds at best of having a marriage that does not end in divorce.

                  So what it is - is a risk vs reward

      • Because some are like this [youtu.be], or like this. [youtu.be]

        • by Ol Olsoc ( 1175323 ) on Tuesday May 11, 2021 @10:59AM (#61373200)

          Because some are like this [youtu.be], or like this. [youtu.be]

          True dat. It has been shocking to see the results of the #metoo movement in the workplace.

          It's become a sort of gender apartheid. And it's unfortunate, as normal males are leaning way out, because one wrong word, or even a misinterpretation can lose you your career.

          Just as an example, a woman and her supervisor were walking in my direction at work. She placed her hand in the crook of his elbow, certainly an affectionate move, but not sexual. His arms flung up like he was told to come out with his hands up, in order to get out of the situation. He also looked at me to get my concurrence that he had not in fact touched her, nor said anything. Career is more important than interaction with any particular person.

          That's just one example. I've seen many more where men do not want to get on elevators with women, will not be in an office alone with a woman, and avoid any interaction other than a minimum required to do the job. It's like sharing space with a grenade with it's pin pulled.

          The insane thing is that as prudent men who would never bother a woman have decided that now that any women can cost him his career have chosen to have as little interaction as possible, the only men who will interact with them are the creeps. Which reinforces their dislike of men.

          And no, I'm not an incel.

      • Its an increasing issue worldwide. As usual, we always look at these things on the female side. They might want to look into why so many men are choosing to opt out of reproducing.

        I think that is primarily due to the biological side of it. It's somewhat like pipelining. One man's reproduction is constrained basically only by female availability. One woman can reproduce at fastest something like every 18 months. When that demographic bump of fertile movement ages past reproduction, the maximum possible rate of reproduction goes down dramatically.

        Re: the MGTOW discussion, are there actual statistics? I would be curious to see if there are any numbers on females who want to be married a

        • Its an increasing issue worldwide. As usual, we always look at these things on the female side. They might want to look into why so many men are choosing to opt out of reproducing.

          I think that is primarily due to the biological side of it. It's somewhat like pipelining. One man's reproduction is constrained basically only by female availability. One woman can reproduce at fastest something like every 18 months. When that demographic bump of fertile movement ages past reproduction, the maximum possible rate of reproduction goes down dramatically.

          Re: the MGTOW discussion, are there actual statistics? I would be curious to see if there are any numbers on females who want to be married and have kids but lack male availability, vs males who want to be married and have kids, but lack female availability.

          The urge to reproduce exists in both sexes. But it tends to be stronger in females. This isn't too surprising. Men also have the drive, but it is different, Men are more focussed on the physical act of sex.

          Whether on a natural level, or something gained through social conditioning, it doesn't take an Einstein to deduce that at best, women tolerate men to a certain extent. As often as not, they actively dislike us. My guess is that naturally they tolerate us, but social mores have cultivated something ak

          • It's not that I disagree with you, or that I think MGTOW is completely ridiculous. I don't personally find the MGTOW mindset appealing, but I have to admit that the older I get (as a married male) I think I understand it more and more.

            Why is the reproduction rate falling off a cliff? Well, sex and procreation are barely linked anymore in the remotely developed world, so I don't think that explains anything.

            In the US:

            Conservatives say it's liberal policies, the destruction of the family, sexual promiscuity,

        • Re: the MGTOW discussion, are there actual statistics? I would be curious to see if there are any numbers on females who want to be married and have kids but lack male availability, vs males who want to be married and have kids, but lack female availability.

          Sorry - I missed this part of your post.

          As with a lot of social aspects, actual numbers are hard to find, and people often ascibe their own opinions to them, but here are a few things:

          A real hatefest! There are some little graphs. https://www.wsj.com/articles/S... [wsj.com]

          The story most often cited: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/fe... [dailymail.co.uk]

          We are awful! http://theworthywoman.com/good... [theworthywoman.com]

          A little over the top reaction by a male https://thepatriotdad.wordpres... [wordpress.com]

          the Bad boy trap:

          https://dailypositiveinfo.com/10

      • by ghoul ( 157158 )
        Men can reproduce with multiple females but a female can carry only one baby at a time so for reproduction no of females is always the bottleneck.

        GP is bothered that China has half the women but if each woman had 4 instead of 1 kid that would double the population back up so that cohorts down the line would be bigger. So its not unsolvable from a biology perspective. However culturally after 2 generations of single child families people would find it weird to have more than one kid.
        • Men can reproduce with multiple females but a female can carry only one baby at a time so for reproduction no of females is always the bottleneck.

          True. This is why men are quite expendable. I wonder if humanity is approaching a new paradigm, where most women mate with only a very few men. The sort of structure that is similar to the herd, where only one male sires all of the children, until a new alpha male knocks him off his perch.

          GP is bothered that China has half the women but if each woman had 4 instead of 1 kid that would double the population back up so that cohorts down the line would be bigger. So its not unsolvable from a biology perspective.

          Exactly. And if men lean out, eventually society will lean into social change that allows women to mate with "donor males" if men and women cannot work things out by themselves.

  • Seems like many (not all) of the people who have concerns about "overpopulation" when discussing climate change or other global issues are the same that turn their nose up at social welfare spending, urbanization and infrastructure.

    Nations and cultures will always have lowered birth rates when they industrialize and standards of living rise. It's what's happening in China and it would happen everywhere else if these nations are helped to develop their economies instead of being left poor so they can contin

    • Seems like many (not all) of the people who have concerns about "overpopulation" when discussing climate change or other global issues are the same that turn their nose up at social welfare spending, urbanization and infrastructure.

      They are describing a conservative, largely older mindset. Certainly the old fashioned have their outlook.

      But there are huge disadvantages that have been thrown up that make reproduction a losing bet.

    • by XXongo ( 3986865 )

      Seems like many (not all) of the people who have concerns about "overpopulation" when discussing climate change or other global issues are the same that turn their nose up at social welfare spending,

      And some of the people who have concerns about overpopulation are exactly the same people who say we need to improve our social welfare net.

      ...Nations and cultures will always have lowered birth rates when they industrialize and standards of living rise.

      Indeed, a point worth emphasizing. Demographers have pointed out that three factors are known to decrease the number of children produced per family:
      1. Improving the standard of living. Get people out of poverty, and they have fewer children.
      2. Increasing the level of education.
      3. Increase the access to birth control. (Note: not mandatory birth control, like the Chi

    • Seems like many (not all) of the people who have concerns about "overpopulation" when discussing climate change or other global issues are the same that turn their nose up at social welfare spending, urbanization and infrastructure.

      Is that really true? I have always associated the "overpopulation" crowd with technocrats (e.g., Asimov), leftist environmentalists, etc. The people who are in favor of welfare spending.

      Urbanization and infrastructure? I don't know about that. There are some interesting bedfellows there too.

      • by djinn6 ( 1868030 )

        It's the other way around. People who are in favor of welfare are in favor of limiting population growth. At least the rational ones are. There's simply no way to support an exponentially increasing population with a resource-limited planet. If the population is stable or increasing linearly, welfare can be sustained indefinitely as technology allows an ever falling working fraction of the population to support the rest.

        On the other hand, people who are opposed to welfare do not care about population growth

    • Nations and cultures will always have lowered birth rates when they industrialize and standards of living rise. It's what's happening in China

      Can you say "one child policy"? Sure you can. This is what happens when your government enforces such a policy. And it's going to cause China some problems down the road.

      Mind you, farther down the road, it's going to be to the good, at least if the Chinese government can increase the child-bearing a tad. It's REALLY hard to take proper care of your elderly when t

  • by Mr_Blank ( 172031 ) on Tuesday May 11, 2021 @09:01AM (#61372826) Journal

    Adding 12 million people per year is a lot!

    In 20 years those kids will be adults in need of their own domiciles, jobs, restaurants, and shops. China still needs to add nearly a Los Angeles worth of civilization infrastructure every year for decades to come.

    Slower growth is still growth. And, as others have noted, bending the curve is ultimately good for our environment even if it is momentarily less good/differently good for our economy.

    • From TFA. The issue is not just slowing growth, but an imminent decline in total population.

      A report by the Financial Times in April also quoted people familiar with the matter as saying the census would reveal a population decline.

      This did not happen with the 2020 report but experts have told various media outlets that it could still happen over the next few years.

      "It will in 2021 or 2022, or very soon," Huang Wenzhang, a demography expert at the Centre for China and Globalisation told Reuters.

    • 12 Million sounds like a lot until you consider how many elderly there are that are moving to nursing homes or in residence with their adult children. It's not quite as simple as you make it.

      As others have noted China has gone through 3 generations of single child families. As that moves through the system each decade halves the number of couples of child bearing age. For example the number of potential child bearing females in their 20's is half the number in their 30's. And it halves again with the number

  • by rainer_d ( 115765 ) on Tuesday May 11, 2021 @09:05AM (#61372838) Homepage

    Some people think were is a sort-of over-reporting of births because it's apparently a thing to report births in a big city (better schools later on) even if you live outside in the boonies.

    Local governments don't really crack down on this because apparently they get more influence the more people they report...

    That's why this time, the Chinese census-bureau was apparently very thorough.

  • by khchung ( 462899 ) on Tuesday May 11, 2021 @09:11AM (#61372862) Journal

    You know what tech China is betting their farm to develop now? 5G/6G, AI, EV, robotics.

    Putting these together means fully autonomous or real-time remote controlled mobile robots than can replace manual labor. Shanghai has a fully autonomous container port that can load and unload container ships with only a few staff managing the whole port, with autonomous EV moving containers around where traditionally human driven trucks do. More are springing up in other cities. The next generation have more powerful AI that can work on traditional ports without special magnetic markers all over the place, the first one being setup in the south.

    Fully autonomous taxis are being trialled. Robotic delivery trucks and robotic mobile vending machines are showing up in Chinese streets. Delivery robots and robotic guides are showing up in Chinese hotels.

    Robots are a real thing in China. Which means China can maintain productivity increase with a flattened or even declining population.

    Other developing countries that wanted to duplicate China's path using cheap manual labor, good luck competing against AI controlled machines that can work 24x7 the whole year around. Good luck with that.

    Meanwhile in the US, unions are preventing companies deploying automations.

    Do you want to live in a world where robots do all the work for humans? Or one where humans have to work like robots?

    • by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday May 11, 2021 @09:53AM (#61373008)

      Meanwhile in the US, unions are preventing companies deploying automations.

      Not hardly. Union membership in the US is at an all-time low.

      Do you want to live in a world where robots do all the work for humans? Or one where humans have to work like robots?

      A tricky question. If robots do all the work, and all the profits go to the handful of billionaires who own the companies which own the robots while the humans are unemployed and make nothing, is this a utopia or a dystopia?

      (posting as AC so I don't get my previous mods revoked, sorry! This is an real question, not trollery, honest!)

    • The red-herring is what we want. We will get robots working for us - either in our country or in China.

      Just make room for corona.

  • This is fine. I'm not one of those "over population fear" guys, but it's okay for populations to decline if the reason for the decline is that babies are living into adulthood.

    The truth is we are improving manufacturing and farming and construction and engineering every day and need fewer and fewer people to meet people's basic needs. That's okay.

    So do what's best for you and your family. Most people are choosing to have fewer kids and focus more on individualized parenting. That's fine.

  • by mveloso ( 325617 ) on Tuesday May 11, 2021 @10:35AM (#61373142)

    When you can only have one child and your culture prefers male children, this is what happens. It won't reverse for another 20 years, since (1) there's no real migration into China, and (2) the one-child policy is now gone but it takes time for girls to grow.

    Oh, and (3) the muslims, who tend to have more kids, are now in camps...which makes reproduction less-than-optimal.

    • When you can only have one child and your culture prefers male children, this is what happens. It won't reverse for another 20 years, since (1) there's no real migration into China, and (2) the one-child policy is now gone but it takes time for girls to grow.

      Oh, and (3) the muslims, who tend to have more kids, are now in camps...which makes reproduction less-than-optimal.

      I'm waiting for them to do the inevitable totalitarian move and set up breeding camps. It's going to happen sooner or later given their complete indifference to human rights.

      • ... set up breeding camps.

        Long ago, I was told that China, in their 'everybody is equal' communism during the 1950s, developed a city-wide plan for no-marriage no-parents breeding. I can't find any evidence of it being used, but impending 'interesting times' may revive it.

        • ... set up breeding camps.

          Long ago, I was told that China, in their 'everybody is equal' communism during the 1950s, developed a city-wide plan for no-marriage no-parents breeding. I can't find any evidence of it being used, but impending 'interesting times' may revive it.

          Did someone confuse China with Plato's Republic?

  • I'd suspect that the *existing* internal market for goods is so large that they don't need to keep adding population. And, since they're a heavily regulated capitalism, they can make sure that happens....

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