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Fixing Retail With Land Value Capture (worksinprogress.co) 127

The independent coffee shops and quirky boutiques that make neighborhoods like Hayes Valley in San Francisco or Williamsburg in Brooklyn desirable are caught in a frustrating economic trap: they create value that ends up in the pockets of nearby homeowners rather than their own cash registers.

An essay in Works in Progress magazine argues that when an interesting new store or restaurant opens, commercial and residential property values rise in the surrounding area, but the retailer itself captures only a fraction of that value through its actual sales. Almost half of stores in one San Francisco shopping district shuttered within four years even as the neighborhood thrived and rents climbed.

The authors propose several fixes drawn from historical and international practice. Shopping malls and mixed-use developments solve this through unified ownership, allowing a single entity to cross-subsidize interesting tenants. Hong Kong's Mass Transit Railway buys land around new stations before building begins, making it one of the few profitable transit systems in the world. Business Improvement Districts let businesses tax themselves for shared amenities, though they currently don't capture value that spills over to nearby residents.

The essay suggests creating hybrid institutions -- something between homeowners' associations and business improvement districts -- that could levy hyperlocal taxes to keep valued retail alive.
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Fixing Retail With Land Value Capture

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  • by rsilvergun ( 571051 ) on Monday January 26, 2026 @01:02PM (#65950286)
    Is the enormous tax we all pay every time we shop because none of the places we shop at own the buildings that they do business in.

    You are basically paying a tax to a handful of billionaires that own virtually all the commercial real estate of any value in the country. If you want to open a business in America and it's not something like a machine shop that can be out in the middle of nowhere then you are going to have to pay ridiculously high rents and you are going to have to pass that cost on to your customers.

    Back in the day Montgomery wards survived several major economic downturns because they owned their own buildings. They got bought out by a venture capital firm that sold off the land and they were gone in no time.

    As an added bonus we were all forced to go back into the office because those billionaires commercial real estate holdings took a bath.
    • I have some hobbies that used to be trades and reading blogs for ideas sometimes the guys that run theirs as businesses get asked about how to turn a hobby into a real business and the most important advice seems to be "own your own buildings, don't have a mortgage, have a spouse with benefits" because even in niches where people would pay a premium for local goods there's way too many pitfalls even before you get into supply chains.
  • by thegarbz ( 1787294 ) on Monday January 26, 2026 @01:06PM (#65950300)

    Coffeeshops and quirky stores do not capture the value in a mixed-use building because they are tenants. It's insanely rare for a business in a city to own the actual space in the building in which they reside.

    This isn't just a general poor people's case, or some modern startup business failing, but rather includes some truly historic situations too.

    Café Griensteidl in Vienna which indirectly traces its roots back to 1847 and was ultimately closed because rents rose more than they could afford to pay.
    Tea shop 't Zonnetje in Amsterdam closed after 450 years operating in the same location due to rising rents.

    These are businesses that have seen empires rise and fall and yet suddenly can't afford rent because of land value increases.

    Businesses usually simply don't own the buildings they operate from. They capture no value, not by themselves, not in mixed use dwellings (both the examples I gave are mixed use).

    • I'm in the greater Philadelphia area and it is not uncommon for ground floor retail and restaurant space to be ultra low rent if the building owner thinks it makes the area hipper.

      The owner extracts the value in $150/unit extra for the ten floors above.

    • You are right, and the building owners are real risk-takers just as the tenants are. They stand to gain a lot or lose a lot, depending on how well their building and neighborhood does. And these business owners *do* gain from the rising values in the neighborhood.

  • by Tim the Gecko ( 745081 ) on Monday January 26, 2026 @01:10PM (#65950320)

    There's some prior art in buying land around new stations before building begins. "Metroland" [wikipedia.org] is an area to the north west of London that was developed by the Metropolitan Railway on that basis. Build the stations, attract commuters, and make a profit from house sales and increased traffic. It would be interesting if the big gaps in CA high speed rail - San Jose to Central Valley, and Central Valley to LA, could be partly financed by commuter rail. People can commute a long way on high speed rail: look at Kent to London St Pancras on High Speed 1.

  • They don't compensate the commercial and residential properties for the problems they may cause, such as increased noise, traffic congestion, parking issues, odors, etc. It's a double edged sword.
    • This is already happening in northern chicago suburbs. The malls have destroyed dead anchor stores to rennovate mixed use commerical/residential concepts. 1 was just built from scratch near me and it has been great success. As for the larger malls with larger foot print, they are extending the space to also include outdoor venue for events (food markets, small concerts etc). There is no added noise/traffic as the space was already a giant mall with dead parking utilization already.
      • This is already happening in northern chicago suburbs. The malls have destroyed dead anchor stores to rennovate mixed use commerical/residential concepts. 1 was just built from scratch near me and it has been great success. As for the larger malls with larger foot print, they are extending the space to also include outdoor venue for events (food markets, small concerts etc). There is no added noise/traffic as the space was already a giant mall with dead parking utilization already.

        That's the new big thing in the suburbs. Suburban malls near me are dying, mainly due to new mixed use taking away the higher end shops, leaving anchor stores and empty retail space or low end stores selling TEMU junk at inflated prices. The only thriving malls are in more dense areas where a mixed use development is not feasible. I suspect the anchor stores at the dying malls will be shuttered and the retailers move to smaller focused mix use store/mall location or simply stay at the mall; or if there is

  • Hayes Valley (Score:4, Interesting)

    by YetanotherUID ( 4004939 ) on Monday January 26, 2026 @02:01PM (#65950462)
    I immediately knew when I saw "one San Francisco shopping district" that they were talking about Hayes Valley. When I lived there in the early aughts, most of the retail shops and restaurants along Hayes street were relatively longstanding, having been there for a decade or more. Now every time I go back every year or two, the retail establishments are completely different.
  • by hdyoung ( 5182939 ) on Monday January 26, 2026 @02:18PM (#65950500)
    I should get a cut of the wages of every student that went through one of my classrooms. I mean, it was *my* effort that made them productive, and I’m only harvesting a tiny fraction of the gains that I create. Unfair!

    I’m a surgeon, and I basically save the lives of several people per day. Without me, their productivity would drop to zero. But, my salary only captures a teeny tiny fraction of the gains from my work. We should force every patient of mine to sign over a chunk of their lifetime income to me, and use the power of government to enforce it.

    I could keep coming up with examples of why this is a bad idea, but it’s already gotten too easy.
    • I’m a surgeon, and I basically save the lives of several people per day. Without me, their productivity would drop to zero. But, my salary only captures a teeny tiny fraction of the gains from my work.

      Not a good example. When the surgeon is billing a couple hundred thousand per heart surgery on people making $35k/year. He's getting an outsized chunk of their productivity.

      • Heck no. His chunk is tiny. If a surgeon saves the life of a 30-year old making 35k per year, the productivity of that individual, for the rest of their life, could easily be north of 500k. And, 35k annual is pretty low-end nowadays. And a good general surgeon will generally do several surgeries per day. Even on a surgeon salary, they’re only getting a tiny fraction of what they add to the population.

        I’m arguing a ridiculous point to support my argument that the idea under discussion is prob
      • by tragedy ( 27079 )

        Not a good example. When the surgeon is billing a couple hundred thousand per heart surgery on people making $35k/year. He's getting an outsized chunk of their productivity.

        People think that, but it's not really the case. The heart surgeon themselves gets well paid, but, relatively speaking, it's squat compared to the rest of the cost. It's basic math. A heart surgeon does maybe 200 operations per year and the higher paid ones get maybe $900K per year. That's around $4500 per operation. Sure, there are multiple people involved in the surgery like an anesthesiologist (who both makes less per year than the heart surgeon, but also handles considerably more cases, making their cos

    • I am glad someone understands what is being discussed. This "story" is all about entitlement and how some people deserve more than others. There is always some amount of Truth in these discussions; however, everyone thinks they are the entitled ones.

  • only Capitalism could muster. Always looking for a way to make a claim and profit from something they have no right to.

  • by edi_guy ( 2225738 ) on Monday January 26, 2026 @02:53PM (#65950592)

    IMHO the answer is business condos. I've seen a few signs of these around town. You buy the storefront that is part of a larger building. Now you can benefit from the increased land value. Don't have the capital up front, get a mortgage. Can't get a mortgage, that should tell you something about your business.

    Worth mentioning is that there are a lot other changes happening at the same time that are affecting neighborhood shopping

    1. Online retail. Those folks in quirky Hayes Valley are likely spending a good chunk of their retail expenditures on Amazon and other online shopping. Probably go into the fancy store, take a snapshot of an item and order it online.
    2. Food delivery. I am constantly amazed at the popularity of waaaay overpriced food delivery. But local, quirky, cafes, etc are now competing with cafes across town and ghost kitchens.
    3. Changing habits - people are going out less. Less to bars, less to restaurants, less to movies, just less. Less likely to include shopping if you aren't already out for dinner, drinks, etc.
    4. Demographics - SF like all of the US and most of the world s getting older. As a group the older folks are less likely to spend capriciously, like the 20s-30s crowd

    I RTFA and it's peppered with nonsense masquerading as a 'plan'. The basic premise comes back to the tried and true that certain business owners (landlords) are bad, but other businesses (quirky stores) are good, and the author and his cohort will choose which ones are good/bad. That should strike everyone as a path to certain ruin.
    It sucks, but we have to let the local market do this choosing over a period of time. How many of us have bemoaned the loss of a treasured neighborhood store, but have also reflected that we rarely if ever shopped there. Prob the best a municipality can do is make it as inexpensive , easy, and quick as possible for new small businesses to start. Instead of having a storefront vacant for 9-19 months on permitting, get it done in 60 days and let them serve their customers.

  • Online, there are interesting shops everywhere with niche products. But they do nothing for local neighborhoods.

    If you work from home, you can make a good living paying a single mortgage or rent payment. But if you want to sell something, now you have to pay for a second location.

    If small towns want to be interesting and invite investment, then they need to make it possible for people to run small businesses out of their garages or front porches. They could cap annual revenue if they wanted to limit it t

  • Businesses are always trying to capture more of the value they create. Problem is, successful businesses virtually always capture only a tiny fraction of it.

    There are some studies, for which I do not have citations, which estimate that entrepreneurs capture something in the low single digits of the value they create. Steve Jobs was a zillionaire but a billion people got phones which are way more valuable to them than what they paid. Jobs and Apple only skimmed of a tiny portion of that value.

    We often grouse

    • I'm confused - what are local businesses entitled to?

      If I open a coffee shop in an up and coming neighborhood, the neighborhood was ascending before my shop opened, I opportunistically hope to ride that wave and enrich myself.

      As the property values increase, arguably the property value of my coffee shop increases - but if I rent a store front, why do I 'deserve' subsidies? Why does the land lord deserve subsidies? Why do my neighbors owe me money to keep my doors open?

      If you want to profit from increasing p

      • I'm confused - what are local businesses entitled to?

        If I open a coffee shop in an up and coming neighborhood, the neighborhood was ascending before my shop opened...if you want to profit from increasing property values, you have to OWN property, not rent it.

        Well, if I understand the argument, the property values are going up because the coffee shop opened. They may have been going up beforehand but the growth continued because of the added flair of having hip coffee joints in walking distance.

        I can see their point: I put in the work to open a coffee bar and can only make so much from it (because competition from other coffee stores prevents me from charging over $X for a latte). OTOH, the homeowners and landlords don't have the same constraint so they make muc

  • The essay suggests creating hybrid institutions -- something between homeowners' associations and business improvement districts -- that could levy hyperlocal taxes to keep valued retail alive.

    Why do coffee shop owners feel they are owed a reward for increasing property values? They make their money offering a product to local customers - as the income level of the neighborhood increases, they need to adjust their offerings to benefit in the changing environment.

    The ONLY benefit they might 'deserve' would be reduced property taxes to offset increasing property values...

  • This conclusion is totally absurd. Giving some terrible HOA more power to extract money and harass residents and tenants doesn't seem like a "fix" to me, it seems like a REIT wet dream to privatize more, expand private developments, and extract more money. This should be avoided at all costs.
  • What about the residents that bring value to the businesses? I wouldn't visit SF to go to a shopping mall or an empty restaurant, but I'll go to hang out with people from SF at bars, restaurants and coffee shops. Coffee shops and bars are cool because the workers there are cool and lend their aura to the owner. This is kind of the ultimate in unidirectional profit stealing. "Give me the profits from your house because of my proximity to your house."
  • If those "quirky shops" aren't getting more customers as more people move into the neighborhood, they weren't having that big an impact in the first place.

Isn't it interesting that the same people who laugh at science fiction listen to weather forecasts and economists? -- Kelvin Throop III

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