Astronauts Throw Trash Into Space 138
MattSparkes writes "The International Space Station is home to an increasing amount of unwanted goods, and NASA has just approved a policy where these could be thrown out of the door into space. 'Tools and other gear have accidentally floated away during spacewalks. But NASA has shied away from intentionally jettisoning gear off the ISS in the past because of the threat of space junk hitting the station or other spacecraft.' The loosening of the rules on this comes just as Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin is about to take a space walk where he will hit a golf ball from the ISS in a promotional stunt for a golf company."
Pigs in space (Score:5, Funny)
I told you we shouldn't have let those Russians in.
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Says Mikhail Tyurin: "Fore!"
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I'm sure that the hope here is that the smaller objects, which aren't being reboosted, will decay faster than the ISS, which has a higher mass/surface area ratio. Still, at the very least, they're adding threats to craft in lower orbits.
Lower Orbits (Score:2)
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Since there's an IHOP within 3 blocks of every crackhouse that I know of, this is really a blessing in disguise.
BBH
Re:Pigs in space (Score:5, Funny)
Ground control to Major Tom....
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Lemme guess... You've got a message for the Action Man?
Randomly dump their trash would be stupid (Score:4, Insightful)
They could pack their trash and, with minimal thrust, send it on a quick reentry path in which it will burn in higher atmosphere a few days or weeks later. On the other hand, if they just dump things at random, they may be their own victims mounthes to years later.
Re:Randomly dump their trash would be stupid (Score:5, Insightful)
Exactly, there is no reason not to incinerate their trash. I can't believe this is 2006, people have been going into space for more than 40 years now [wikipedia.org], and they still are throwing trash overboard even though [nasa.gov] they know the danger [nationalgeographic.com]. Stupid, stupid, stupid.
Re:Randomly dump their trash would be stupid (Score:5, Insightful)
They could pack their trash and, with minimal thrust, send it on a quick reentry path in which it will burn in higher atmosphere a few days or weeks later.
Yeah, because see, all these rocket scientists, they are well known for bein' stoopid. Ain't that a shame to pollute them purty stars.
SARCASM_MODE=OFF
If all you needed to deorbit something thrown from the ISS was a "small amount of thrust", don't you think that atmospheric drag would have already deorbitted the ISS itself?
In order to deorbit something, you need a very considerable amount of thrust, with an engine and propellant brought up from Earth at enormous cost. Left to its own device, a low-density object such as a bag of trash is going to slowly lose altitude due to atmospheric drag, then burn. No need for propellants. Good old air envelope does the trick.
As for reusing it, I'm afraid that a sizeable fraction of the trash is, er, astronaut dung. I doubt the reuse value of human waste is very high in space, until we have complete hydroponic gardens.
there is no reason not to incinerate their trash.
Incinerate? Whaaa?? Look, this is space, ok? Having a simple combustion chamber working in space would be a major, major physics achievement. There is no convection, so flames don't behave as expected. There are whole experiments studying a simple candle flame in space.
Never mind the fact that you'd need oxygen and fuel, brought from Earth at enormous cost, to burn wet waste.
The only way to incinerate things in space practically would be with a electric plasma arc, which in turn would requires a really large energy input. So until the ISS flies several isotope generators, there will be no such thing.
Remember, these decisions are made by people who actually know what's going on. The only problem is that they obviously don't communicate their reasons, since Slashdot readers -- Slashdot readers! -- feel compelled to call them stupid.
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So the moon landings really were a hoax?
Gee, next you'll be saying that rockets can't work in space because "there's no air for them to push against."
And, btw, the ISS does have to be nudged on occasion, because its orbit DOES decay with time due to drag.
A solar sail could safely deorbit junk at minimal cost.
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A rocket is not a closed combustion chamber. You are not trying to burn wet waste in an oven, you are generating hot gases -- by burning some hypergolic mix or some solid propellant. Different things.
Amazingly little is known about how a standing fire (as opposed to a burning jet of gases) behaves in low gravity. See for example http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/fcarchive/combust ion/papers/Sacksteder/Solid_Surface_Combustion.htm [nasa.gov]. Thus, any process requiring a standing fire in low grav is not a practical
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When he said 'incinerate their trash', it sounds to me like he meant to use the atmosphere to incinerate it. No need for any equipment for that.
As for the little thrust... A person could throw it with the hand towards the earth and have more than enough 'thrust' to 'deorbit' it. Orbit is a VERY precarious balancing act. Just a little higher or lower, faster or slower and you lose it. Throwing
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No, you don't lose it (otherwise every little tidal perturbation would be knocking satellites from the sky), you just change it. To actually immediately leave orbit from the ISS you'd need more than 100m/s delta V, which you're not going to get from someone throwing a bag of trash by hand even i
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Re:Randomly dump their trash would be stupid (Score:4, Interesting)
Yup, orbital mechanics will do that. It starts with "if you want to go faster, slow down" and just gets weirder from there.
In space, if you throw an object, it will continue in that direction until resistance is met.
Only if its orbital velocity is negligable compared to the velocity you throw it at; otherwise it's direction will change constantly under the influence of gravity.
So, if the space station is 220 to 250 miles out in orbit and you throw or eject a package of trash toward the earth at 20 miles per hour (that seems reasonably simple). The package would travel 220 to 250 miles in 11 to 12.5 hours. It would be incinerated well before that. Am I missing something? Is there some principle of physics that would cause it's descent to slow as it's orbit decreased? It seems to me, that it would speed up if anything.
If you throw your trash toward the Earth at 20 miles per hour, the trash won't be moving at 20 miles per hour, it will still be moving at approximately 11,000 miles per hour; its velocity will just have changed direction by about a tenth of a degree. Its new orbit will now be slightly elliptical, but it still won't be elliptical enough to intersect thick atmosphere.
You're right that the trash will speed up as it gets closer to Earth... and as it speeds up, the centrifugal force required to keep it moving closer to Earth increases, gravity can't keep up, and the trash moves outwards again.
Delta V (Score:2)
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Yes, leave it to the professionals: Usenetters.
As for the little thrust... A person could throw it with the hand towards the earth and have more than enough 'thrust' to 'deorbit' it. Orbit is a VERY precarious balancing act. Just a little higher or lower, faster or slower and you lose it. Throwing the trash back the way they just came from would have the same result as throwing it toward the earth:
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A person could throw it with the hand towards the earth and have more than enough 'thrust' to 'deorbit' it. Orbit is a VERY precarious balancing act. Just a little higher or lower, faster or slower and you lose it.
Aladrin,
Deorbiting almost always means "leaving orbit and reaching the surface". That's not the same as "changing orbit". You are right when you say an orbit is precarious: by definition, a few more meters per second will give you a slighly different orbit, with differences accumulating quickl
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Let me help you understand what's at stake here. This quote is from the TFA, that you obviously haven't read:
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Because the methane is produced when the dung biodegrades. The microbes that perform this function are severly hampered by being frozen solid. So, unless you're proposing building a methane capture and concentration unit on the ISS as well as supplying enough O2 required for combustion of the methane, your proposal i
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Actually, all you need is a ribbon [nasa.gov].
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The ISS is in low Earth orbit and does experience atmospheric drag. There is no reason to think trash thrown out would not de orbit in time. How much time, I do not know.
We agree. The atmospheric drag is very perceptible at this LEO altitude. Hence, low density packages expelled from the ISS will eventually drop and burn. But it will take time: the delta-V is not THAT small.
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Why not a solar collecting mirror? Just eject the trash thru the focus at low velocity. A mirror could be just cheap foil and framework, too.
That would most certainly be a good source of heat. Using it would be more like burning one batch at a time rather than flying the trash through the focus, though.
Now, I don't think that full-size a solar oven was ever flown in a mission. Any high-temp source would need a lot of controls and safety measures. Physics says it can be done, but the engineering proble
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It's not stupid at all.
ISS is in a rare (unique?) position as far as satellites go -- it's very low, only about 200 miles up. At this altitude, atmosphere drag is a signifigant force, and will make sure that any trash let out of the ISS will not stay in the vicinity of the ISS for long. If you were to push a
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Just in case anybody gets the wrong idea from this, the trash won't *stay* over that specific area of the planet. Instead, it'll orbit along with the ISS, slowly losing altitude and drifting away (I imagine that initially it would drift behind the ISS, but as it lost altitude and fell into a lower altitude it would get ahead of the ISS.) The rate of altitude loss would vary depending on the drag and weight of each piece o
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Can you quantify this "minimal thrust" ?
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The ISS is globally on an almost stable orbit, requiring some thrust from time to time to make up for the light air friction. From that position, if you eject the trash at only a few m/s in the right direction, it will soon go down to altitudes where the air friction will be higher, be slowed down from its orbital speed and fall. Since you don't want a controled r
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Even still, terminal velocity would be reached on this trash before it had entered very far into the atmosphere. By Nasa's space
Re:Randomly dump their trash would be stupid (Score:5, Interesting)
Having an astronaut literally throw a typical size bag of trash toward the Earth would be sufficient acceleration (or deceleration depending on your point of view) to cause it to burn up within a couple weeks. And better yet it would instantly be in a non-intersecting orbit with the ISS.
In the past they haven't done this because it will cause the ISS to be accelerated into a higher orbit. The difference would be minimal, but certainly measurable. The ISS is not very well equipped to deal with such problems (remember that it is technically falling all the time normally). Apparently NASA has decided that this effect is minimal enough that it would not be detrimental to the ISS orbit.
Re:Randomly dump their trash would be stupid (Score:5, Informative)
There is only one safe direction to throw anything out of an orbiting spacecraft - backwards, in the opposite direction of your orbit. By doing this you reduce the orbital velocity of the object relative to your spacecraft thereby guaranteeing that the object will enter a lower orbit from which it is guaranteed not to climb. At this point atmospheric drag will continue to degrade the objects orbit until it eventually burns up.
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Re:Randomly dump their trash would be stupid (Score:4, Funny)
-Rick
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By doing this you reduce the orbital velocity of the object relative to your spacecraft thereby guaranteeing that the object will enter a lower orbit from which it is guaranteed not to climb.
Well, if we make abstraction of atmospheric drag (so we're talking about the short term, the first few orbits), it will come back right where you threw it, no matter in what direction you throw it, unless you threw it fast enough backwards (or even downwards, but I think it'd take a greater speed, not sure) so that it
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-Eric
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"According to the new policy, the crew would release an object on a spacewalk by pushing it "behind" the station to speed up the separation between the ISS and the object and to decrease the amount of time it spends in orbit."
So, they're not just gonna randomly toss objects around. Instead they'll toss them into a slightly lower orbit, where atmospheric drag (which DOES exist even at the orbit of the ISS, though it's very slight) will guarantee the objects will eventually spiral in and burn
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Method of keeping altitude (Score:5, Insightful)
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How about a space catapult/ballista (Score:2)
Plus it's re-usable and it's kind of cool.
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You don't throw something toward the Earth to get it to go down from orbit unless you have an extremely strong firing mechanism. The correct method is to throw it directly behind the ISS. Then it will be moving too slow for that orbital height. That's how to make things fall from orbit.
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The problem is that if you simply pack your trash and eject it at high speed to get your thrust, you can only do that in some directions where there is nothing you might destroy, but fortunately, from the relatively low altitude of the ISS, the downward direction is cleared most of the time.
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If you throw thrash in the direction of the earth, it will come back and hit at the very same speed it was ejected and you will not gain altitude, you will just make y
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Re:velocity and altitude (Score:2)
If you eject some mass (tools, trash, frozen excrement, etc) in the direction opposite to your current velocity vector, you'll speed up and increase altitude, and the reaction mass will slow down, taking a lower altitude. That eliminates most of the recontact issues, and is why NASA said what they did
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Re:Method of keeping altitude (Score:5, Insightful)
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Ejecting rubbish in the direction of earth wouldn't help though
Well it would make your orbit more excentric (or less, in particular cases), but if you do the same thing backwards, and if you can throw your litter fast enough and that you have enough of it, you could use that to avoid having to have to use any boosting in order to compensate atmospheric drag, in other words, you could do with a litter catapult what you do with the ISS's thrust.
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I'd sell the trash... (Score:4, Insightful)
Joking aside, how hard would it be to double-bag a few trash bags and keep the trash outside until a convenient "recovery" mission could come around?
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They stopped trashing space before? (Score:1, Insightful)
one sided?? (Score:1)
Sensible idea (Score:2)
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Why doesn't ISS have an extensible trash module? (Score:5, Interesting)
ISS trash isn't actually trash --- it's extremely valuable material (and mass) that has been boosted into LEO at very high cost.
They should attach an extensible trash module to the ISS, and place all their "trash" (which simply means stuff that they cannot currently use) into the containers through appropriate hatches.
(And I bet space contractors would love to bid for such a project too.)
Not only would you reduce the risk to future flights this way, but you would also provide useful materials for the future. *AND* you'd be seen to be environmentally sensitive, which is no bad thing.
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Re:Why doesn't ISS have an extensible trash module (Score:2)
Unfortunately, most of it has been processed through astronaut intestines.
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Unfortunately, most of it has been processed through astronaut intestines.
And that has it's uses too. If they ever decide to experiment with greenhouses in space (or on the moon or whatever) sterilizing that shit (pun intended) could conceivably be cheaper than bringing up dirt and fertilizer from earth. They would have to get over the psychological factor of knowing where your space tomatoes came from though, but since the water already is recycled from human "byproducs" that are already dealing with th
Re:Why doesn't ISS have an extensible trash module (Score:3, Funny)
"See honey, I *told* you astronauts ate corn!"
-Eric
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Only the shit. The piss is recycled to become water. This is one of the less romantic aspects of humanity's great quest into space.
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I am just sitting here at work, minding my own business when all of the sudden Iced Egg-Nog Latte reaches escape velocity from my nose!
Reminds me of an episode of CSI:Manhattan I saw recently. In it, a construction worker gets killed by catching a frozen mix of human crap and chemical products that leaked from the toilets of an airplane on the top of his head. They commented that it had happened about 24 times (or so) in 25 years, iirc. Wouldn't happen with astronaut crap because it would get burnt upon a
Re:Why doesn't ISS have an extensible trash module (Score:2)
Re:Why doesn't ISS have an extensible trash module (Score:2)
Or to put it another way, in Soviet ISS, your crap saves you.
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From adding more inertia to the station (a double edged sword) to resist orbital drag
Useless, since it would work against you when you would thrust in order to compensate atmospheric drag (not orbital drag).
as protection from orbital debris and radiation
Try protecting yourself from debris that go so fast that they do 10 times the damage you'd do with a bullet shot from a .357 Magnum with compressed packages of energy cereal bars and human crap, or whatever they mean by trash. Same with radiation, it wou
Re:Why doesn't ISS have an extensible trash module (Score:2)
They should attach an extensible trash module to the ISS
Like they're gonna spend money to launch trash containers.
ISS trash isn't actually trash --- it's extremely valuable material (and mass) that has been boosted into LEO at very high cost.
Every ounce you launch into orbit has a cost, and the extremely valuable materials you're talking about are not valuable anymore once they're considered trash and dumped in space. It's not because you put millions into something that it will always be worth million
Reminds me of an anime... (Score:1, Insightful)
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In other news (Score:1)
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If there's no air, are they still smelly?
Obvious joke (Score:1)
Who cares? That won't be for hundreds of years.
Exactly! It's none of our concern.
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Good news, everyone!
As long as they make sure it is safe... (Score:2)
By the way, I was wondering if it is possible to use a big bag of foam or gel, to sweep up small pieces of debris that could damage satellites or space stations.
Won't it just fall down and burn? (Score:2)
Clarke, "Islands in the Sky" 1952 (Score:4, Interesting)
But... after all... one of the pivotal episodes in Arthur C. Clarke's 1952 novel "Islands in the Sky" concerns an orbital spacecraft which is alarmed by the presence of a large, unidentified spacecraft, approach closely enough to identify it, and sees that it's covered in radiation symbols. In the novel, it turns out that the AEC had, at one time, had the bright idea of disposing of radioactive waste by shooting it into space, and this is a stray canister of high-level radioactive waste. So I guess it could be worse.
And "throwing away" (such an aptly descriptive phrase: just toss the waste a discrete distance from the dwelling) seems to be a basic part of human nature. In Owen Wister's novel, "The Virginian," set in Wyoming between 1874 and 1890, the narrator and his companions partake of "Sardines... and potted chicken, and devilled ham," and muses:
"But portable ready-made food plays of necessity a great part in the opening of a new country. These picnic pots and cans were the first of her trophies that Civilization dropped upon Wyoming's virgin soil. The cow-boy is now gone to worlds invisible; the wind has blown away the white ashes of his camp-fires; but the empty sardine box lies rusting over the face of the Western earth."
Interesting... (Score:2)
Life imitates Anime (Score:1)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetes [wikipedia.org]
And so, it begins.
Good news everyone! (Score:1)
Where's the HOA when you need 'em?!? (Score:2)
Why don't they... (Score:1)
Here bee, bee, bee, bee. Here bee, bee, bee, bee.
For Geeks. (Score:2)
Contest - Program "Canada Arm", first one to hit a ball into a stationary orbit wins!
NASA needs some one with an E-bay Account (Score:2)
They may be able to recoup some of the cost... lol
Rings around the earth (Score:2)
"There goes the neigborhood."
Newton's Third Law (Score:2)
Either that, or he will hit the ISS and send himself flying. Stay tuned!
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fuck you america