I am certainly encouraged by every advancement in electric car design but it seems many people are so caught up in the electric car that they forget the ultimate goal. What is that goal? Lowering CO2 emissions. Electric cars will forever be hobbled by the limitations of the chemical battery. Electric propulsion of vehicles of all types has allowed for just phenomenal advancements in the capability and efficiency of vehicles. This is perhaps most apparent in the railroad locomotive as nearly every locomotive in existence today has a diesel electric drive train. Ships of all sizes are also utilizing the electric propulsion, with the electricity provided by a diesel engine, a gas turbine, or a nuclear fission reactor. What we are likely to see is this shrinking of this diesel electric propulsion model to the common passenger car because of the capability, efficiency, and simplicity of the drive train.
Again, this is because batteries have some inherent limitations that cannot be ignored. It's certainly pleasing to see chemical batteries reach new levels of operational life as this has implications for not only transportation but also for personal electronic devices, power tools, medical devices, and so much more.
I'll see people claim that we will see electric planes carry passengers "any day now". Nope, not going to happen. Not only are there technical challenges but also regulatory barriers. This also goes for ships, buses, and any other vehicles that currently predominately burn diesel fuel, gasoline, or kerosene. The switch to batteries for their store of energy for propulsion will be slowed by technical challenges and regulatory barriers.
So, what is the real problem here?
The problem is not the engine itself. The problem isn't even the fuel. The problem is where the fuel comes from. The fuel we burn is dug from the ground and when burned introduces CO2 into the air where it contributes to global warming.
Perhaps instead of trying to upend the entire transportation infrastructure, by trying to wedge the electric car into a hydrocarbon fueled system, we spend some effort in finding a new source for the hydrocarbons.
We had had the technology for decades now to synthesize hydrocarbon fuels. This process has been used for a long time to create lubricants to high standards but this has not been practical due to costs to use to make fuels. Not because we don't know how, but because few have considered this practical until fairly recently.
The US Navy has been working on perfecting this technology for a long time, begging for funding on their fuel synthesis process from Congress and from private investors. It appears that they are very close to making this happen. This is a system they propose to put on aircraft carriers to use the nuclear reactor on board to produce the fuel necessary for the aircraft it carries. Since it uses carbon and hydrogen from the environment this fuel is carbon neutral. There is no reason this technology has to remain on a Navy ship and only to fuel aircraft. The process can produce any hydrocarbon, and so can produce methane, propane, octane, cetane, and anything in between.
This is what will bring all of our vehicles to become carbon neutral, synthesized hydrocarbon fuels. We will still likely see a shift to more nuclear powered ships, electrified railroads, and even battery electric cars, but for everything else it will be synthetic hydrocarbon fuels from nuclear power.
At a minimum we will have to consider where the electricity comes from to charge these electric cars. This will have to be electricity that has low CO2 emissions, low cost, is plentiful, reliable, and safe. This means onshore windmills, hydroelectric dams, nuclear fission reactors, and maybe some geothermal power. That's what the future will look like. The future is not batteries to power every plane, train, and automobile.