Fully-decentralized trust systems just don't work. PGP failed primarily for this reason, while SSL Certificate Authority system succeeded -- which shows that you don't need perfect centralization, a federation can do it, but the federation has to contain a sufficiently small set of authorities that it's practical for those who need to trust them to do so. The SSL analogy is useful in another way, too. Note that end-users don't know or care about CAs, they only have to trust their browser; the browser authors package the list of trusted root CAs, and they're moderately well-positioned to make those trust decisions on their users' behalf (the certificate transparency log is another layer, a global, fully-decentralized oversight mechanism -- but I don't see an obvious analogue for caller ID).

Applying this structure to caller ID trust, the most obvious points of control are the network operators first and phone makers second. Clearly the MNOs should be taking responsibility. They each know the accuracy of the IDs originating in their networks, and they are in a good position to validate the trustworthiness of IDs from outside their networks. Ideally, they should probably just refuse to forward an ID from a network that doesn't commit to anti-spoofing.

However, they're not doing that, and they're not going to do that, and we all know why: It's more profitable for them to permit spoofing.

One possible market-driven solution to this would be if some sufficiently-large networks decided that consumers cared enough about caller ID accuracy to make it a selling point for their services, committing to send only trustworthy IDs, either because they know the origin within their own network, or because the ID came from another operator who made the same pledge. My guess is that this would require renegotiation of interconnection agreements, but it could be done. More importantly, it would require users to care enough about caller ID spoofing to be willing to switch networks to get away from it. I don't know if that's in the cards.

So, what about the phone makers? They're in the next-best position... and Google by itself can put a big dent in caller ID spoofing globally. If Apple does the same thing between their devices, and then if they collaborate with Google (not an outlandish idea; Google and Apple often collaborate on technical standards), they could ensure that any call originating from a mobile phone provides accurate caller ID, and block the rest. And then they could also collaborate with the dumbphone makers and any new entrants to the smartphone market.

I think this is actually not a bad solution, and the market-driven motivations are clear. Phonemakers benefit from happy phone users and don't profit from phone spam.

Agreed. But Marvel / MCU also shows that "Stargate Syndrome" is all too easy to catch. The heroes and villains just keep getting more powerful and dangerous, no wonder the movies are flopping.

No ownership implies no market exchange mechanism. That was a direct response to the OP's "markets existed before capitalism". They didn't, because exchange is tied up with ownership. Once ownership is agreed, you have capitalism. It literally is synonymous with ownership of the means of production. Lands, water wheels, slaves, you name it. If it can be sold, somebody owns it. And if it can be exchanged legally, somebody owns it.

Do you own a shovel or a chicken? Congratulations, those are means of production. You're a capitalist!

Maybe you should (re?)read Marx. Das Kapital is precisely about capitalism in history. Renaming terms because "modern" doesn't invalidate the old terms.

The palace owns the means of production. The rest you can read in the appropriate economics book referenced.

Markets cannot exist without capitalism. A market doesn't make sense if there is no concept of personal ownership.

"I'll give you three apples for this orange please. Those apples don't belong to you, I'll take them for nothing. Goodbye."

"Ya meh taek are lives..... but ya'll never taek are freedum!"

*shakes fist in air*

*buys Canadian tractor*

Although I do wonder where the first web app came from, the one that let us make all the other web apps.

It came from Unix! All Hail Unix! All Hail Unix! (I'm not worthy!)

Fear not! It's entirely possible the category was chosen by an AI. Editorial automation would probably reduce the error rate here.

So then what is the point of Yoda being immensely old? Is he basically 63 in Yoda years?

If they find it, I hope they call the removalists!

It did. The authoritative upstream repository for the Linux kernel is hosted at kernel.org, not GitHub.

The "victory" is literally "pwning the libs." The thought process is, "Anything that denies them something that they want makes them weaker and us stronger." The base rallies and cheers, and meanwhile Trump and his cronies go back to extracting ungodly amounts of wealth from the entire world's resources.

Kinda unlikely. If you leave anything sitting under the ocean, it's going to experience significant wear and tear. If there's no budget even to monitor the status of the monitors, let alone conduct routine maintenance, they're likely to be as good as junk by the time they're switched back on.

Not to mention that the data is also used in industry, particularly in farming and fishing, where it is used to predict climate-related events. And this aren't just long-term events we're talking about. "Where are the fish likely to be this year" is a question this data can help answer.

What? I have one. It's hooked up (through an adapter) to the VoIP port on my fiber router. It rings and everything.