Sir John Kerr didn't wait for Gough Whitlam's government to ask his advice when he dismissed Kerr and his government. Quite the opposite, the minute Whitlam got a hint that the Governor General might fire him his first thought was to get a hold of the Queen to fire Kerr.

The moment a government in a Westminster parliament loses a confidence vote, they become a caretaker government, a very constitutionally bounded creature. More importantly, their ability to advise the Sovereign/Governor General becomes extremely limited; they can't advise the GG to make new appointments, make most orders in council, or pretty much anything beyond keep basic organs of government going.

In a no confidence situation, it becomes the Governor General's job to figure out what to do next, and the government, being a caretaker, no longer can advise on the use of Royal Prerogatives such as dissolution or appointing new ministers (a new government).

A caretaker PM can certainly tell the GG what he thinks, but as happened in British Columbia in 2017, when the Premier of the province, having lost a confidence motion on the Throne Speech, tried to convince the Lieutenant-Governor to dissolve the legislature and call new elections, the vice-regal representative is under none of the obligations that a premier or PM who enjoys the confidence of Parliament has. In that case, the LG simply rejected the advice, and asked the opposition leader to form a government.

This is why the concept of confidence (and its loss) is far a better moderator of government excesses than the much older notion of impeachment. The latter evolved as Parliament in England gained more authority, but could not directly go after the King, so would often go after the King's ministers and agents through the use of impeachment. But even by the American revolution, impeachment in the Westminster constitutional order had fallen into disuse in preference to confidence. One of the first governments to fall to a loss of confidence was the Ministry of Lord North, after the defeat of the British in the War of Independence.

In general, I don't think someone of Trump's demeanor would ever be able to get away with as much in a Westminster government. Boris Johnson probably pushed the margins as much as any modern Prime Minister in the UK, and in the end he was effectively removed by his own party. It was an even swifter judgment for Liz Truss, who ended up serving the shortest amount of time as PM, beating George Canning, who died in office after 119 days in 1827.

Here in BC we've had multiple Premiers forced to resign. The closest analog to Trump was Bill Vander Zalm, who was accused of a serious conflict of interest over the sale of one his personal properties. He hung on for some time after the allegations became public, and while he ultimately resigned in disgrace, his cabinet was sufficiently worried that he might ignore all pleas to depart that they they hatched a scheme with the Lieutenant-Governor to have the government vote no confidence in itself, which would have forced Vander Zalm to resign, and then the Lieutenant-Governor would ask the designated member of cabinet to form a new government.

In short, in the Westminster system, the Sovereign and his representatives hold certain reserve powers that function as negative powers; almost never used, but the mere fact that they do not accessible by the government of the day creates a ceiling on the constitutional games that can be played. What's more, there are both visible ways to get rid of errant PMs and Premiers (leadership reviews, cabinet revolts, caucus revolts) and much quieter ones (ministers using their access to the King/GG/LG to get around a head of government).

The US put all its eggs in one basket by making a unified singular executive with powers commensurate with a Tudor-era monarch, the Westminster system created a split executive, with an Efficient part that does all the ruling, and a Dignified part that reigns.

The wealthy aren't going to go first, and the sacrifices will be imposed. Oddly enough, the universe doesn't give a fuck how you feel.

He did no such thing, and warned against Brexit, which caused the economic crash.

You do know we can tell when you're lying.

85% of the population lives in urban areas, the average commute time is well under half an hour. Quit making shit up.

I live in southern BC. We haven't had a snowfall here that lasted more than a few hours, and almost the entire winter has been above 0.

People have raised families in all manner of housing arrangements. Don't confuse cultural norms with actual human requirements.

Your way of life is effectively subsidized, and at some point it simply will not be affordable. The difficulty supplying water alone in many parts of the US will basically cause suburbs to die. Your notion of personal freedoms cannot override reality, no matter how often you pound the table.

Yeah, I have no more confidence in the states, or sufficient numbers of states, to solve the problem than an amendment.

Jesus you fucking Trumpers are a pack of idiots. Christ almighty, we actually have an economist running the country, you have a fucking moron knee deep in dementia, who was a raving idiot even when he wasn't rotting.

How do you define "out of control". Canada's credit rating, even with the economic assaults of our neighbor, remains very good and very stable. There's no massive hike in borrowing costs.

It's almost as if you're just making shit up.

Around 85% of Canadians live in urban areas, and the average one-way commute time is around 27 minutes (and about 9km or about 5.6 miles). It's a bit bigger in larger cities like Vancouver or Toronto, but then again those cities have public transit, so many people can get by without having to drive a car, at least to work.

Most people do not live 50 miles from the workplace, so an EV would be sufficient. With more Chinese imports about to appear, my next vehicle will almost certainly be an EV, and I'll keep my ICE vehicle for longer haul trips.

Sprawl is incredibly expensive to service. Suburbs are probably the most inefficient way to deal with housing ever invented, between having to deliver utilities, expand fire protection and policing, and just plain road maintenance, there's a reason that we should eschew suburbs and sprawl in favor of density.

Thankfully we have a parliamentary form of government where a PM like Trump, if his own cabinet and caucus didn't throw him out, would likely fall in a no confidence vote, which ends his power instantaneously.

Not to mention certain reserve powers lie with the King and their vice-regal representative, and are inaccessible to the government of the day.

But thanks for the implicit threat, which rather proves my point.

As a Canadian, I can tell you that your problems are far greater than Trumpism, or whatever Vance and the GOP have in mind for a somewhat less erratic but no less autocratic successor.

Canadians, and most of the rest of the Free World, no longer trust America. Even if you put Democrats and opponents of Trump in control of Congress next year, and even if the next President spends every moment that they are in office repairing the damage and trying to make peace with allies that have been attacked, abused, and even threatened with annexation of some or all of their territory, collectively we will all simply be going "That's great, but what about the guy after this sensible fellow?"

Every Presidential election, America's allies will feel like we're just four years from another moron, maniac and/or menace. Treaties will be meaningless. Extending an olive branch or extending a missile will be impossible to tell apart.

The only way I could see America ever really convincing the rest of the world that it isn't simply another election cycle away from becoming a nuclear-tipped rogue state would be wholesale constitutional renovation; reducing or completely eliminating most presidential powers, a sane electoral system, and so forth.

But we all know none of that is going to happen. The American political system ossified decades ago, and is now just simply an oligarchy with no accountability to its citizens or to the people outside its borders that it would treat with. It is a nation of bad faith.