Olympic Medal Prediction Model 357
bettiwettiwoo writes "Slate reports that PricewaterhouseCooper claims to have devised a model predicting the final medal tally for nations competing in the Olympic Games. GDP is of particular importance in bringing home the bacon, closely followed by population size and and past performance. Other factors can also affect the outcome: hosting the games usually gives a medal boost. With the possible exception of China, the titan nations of the games (US, Russia, China and Germany) are predicted to see a successive drop in their total medal tally in the future (and compared to the Sydney Games, the future starts now). So if you were wondering why the Iraqi soccer team seems on its way to the quarter finals, why Greece takes gold in synchronized diving, or why Michael Phelps has to eat Ian Thorpe's bubbles, don't worry: it's only evolution, baby, and it's all perfectly predictable!"
Olympics (Score:5, Funny)
Skill != Evolution
Re:Olympics (Score:3, Insightful)
A gold medal may require skill, but it needs a whole lot more besides (unfortunately).
Re:Olympics (Score:2)
Re:Also, Proximity to the medium you race in!!! (Score:2)
Re:Admit it, Australians own the pool per populati (Score:3, Funny)
Re:Olympics (Score:5, Interesting)
Why does everyone insist on viewing doping as a "black-and-white" issue?
The human body is a very complex machine. The chemical reactions that take place in side are very complicated and sensitive. Athletes carefully monitor their nutrition, and supplement their bodies with well-timed servings of synthetic protein, creatine, and other compounds and hormones. Where do you draw the line? Should it be illegal to take protein shakes? What if a competitor eats a huge number of chicken breasts? Or drinks more than the allowable portions of milk?
My point in all this is that there are many things that affect an athlete's ability to perform. You can't just say, "that guy was doping, so he's a cheat. Everyone else passed the doping tests, so they're all honest, supreme athletes." It's not that simple. They're all taking complex coctails of nutrients and supplements. They all take vitamins, energy bars, protein shakes, creatine, testosterone, lactic-acid inhibitors, and who-knows-what else. If one of them accidentally takes just a few too many grams of one of his supplements, he/she could set off the doping alarm, and fail the test. That doesn't mean they deliberately cheated, unless you consider all the other athletes to be "cheating" too, when they follow their artificial diets.
NO ONE competes "naturally" anymore, in the sense that they just eat plain old food, sleep when they feel like it, and then compete. They all have carefully-monitored sleep cycles and diets. They're treated like machines, like high-performance engines. They're groomed to compete, sometimes even to the degree that they're supposed to peak on the day of their competition (that is, if you asked them to re-run their competition the next day, their time wouldn't be anywhere near the time they were able to turn in the day before).
So what's the answer? Ban all supplements? All protein powders? Energy bars? Low-fat foods? Forbid athletes from taking more than 8 hours of sleep a night? Should we try to make sure everyone is on equal footing? Or do we allow them to do everything they can to hone their bodies into high-performance machines that'll break records (and thus, attract ratings, sponsors, and ad revenue)?
Who's to say that a mild steroid is cheating, but a rigorous diet of protein shakes, Myoplex, ephedrine, Xenadrine, selenium, and whatever else is OK?
Re:Olympics (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Olympics (Score:5, Informative)
Supplements don't do anything more than eating similar macronutrient proportions of real food would do, they are simply more convenient for atheletes on very controlled diets, particularly when it comes to consuming large amounts of protein without the saturated fats.
Virtually all quality protein powder's are extracted from whey (milk), and in some cases soy, they are not synthetic. Things like Creatine, L-Glutamine, Omega3 EFA etc are all present in regular foods such as red meat, wheat and flaxseeds respectively. Consuming them in concentrated form is a matter of convenience, and in no way constitutes "cheating". It's no different from juicing an orange or drinking reduced fat milk, you are removing undesired elements from an otherwise natural food source.
Using food supplement products, observing a controlled diet and using precisely monitored training techniques doesn't mean an athlete isn't competing "naturally", nore are they using performance enhancing substances. They are maximising their performance, but it is not being artificially enhanced by a controlled substance.
If any of these supplement products on the market actually exhibited true drug like effects, which are almost always accompanied with drug like side effects, they would be pulled off the shelves by the FDA and be required to be sold by prescription only, as has happened in the past with such products as Triax. Such results would also attact the attention of the respective sporting bodies and the substance would become listed as a banned substance as a result.
The true performance enhancing drugs, such as anabolic steroids, are those that are not generally present in regular food products, and produce an elevated anabolic (muscle buidling) or altered metabolic state that boosts the subjects performance and development. This can be due to increased levels of insulin, testosterone, human growth hormone or altered levels of IGF-I and MGF in an atheletes muscle tissue, or any number of other "benefits".
The point is that the performance enhancing "drugs" result in significant chemical and behavoural changes uninitiated by the body, and usually similarly significant side effects if taken for long enough or in large enough doses. More importantly they are generally controlled substances that must be sold through specific channels and not something that you will find on the shelves at your local supermarket. Where as supplements are mostly macronutrients, vitamins and minerals extracted from natural food in a more convenient form.
A previous poster indicated that the greater the "wealth", the more advanced the potential for doping is likely to be, which is exactly right. For example, a compound such as Mechano Growth Factor (MGF) is extremely difficult and expensive to manufacture, in fact very few people in the world know how to do it.
However the substance itself is the holy grail of performance enhancing drugs as it is the body's trigger to muscle tissue growth, is currently virtually impossible to detect because it's naturally occuring in the body, and localised to muscle tissue not the circulatory system. A country unscrupulous enough to invest the necessary research and development into the production of such a compound would have a competitive "doping" advantage over other countries using currently available substances and masking agents.
Re:Olympics (Score:2)
The UK is a good example (Score:3, Interesting)
Your sarcasm is well placed. The UK is a good example of a nation with a reasonable population (over 60 million - ranking 21st in total), a high GNP (4th highest in the world), but which severely lacks in Olympic performance and medal tally. Why? We just don't have the faculties.
And, rather uncoincidentally, the news over the past cou
He said skill, not talent (Score:2)
Re:Olympics (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Olympics (Score:5, Informative)
They were 96% accurate in their predictions for the 2000 Games, including correctly guessing 97 total and 37 gold medals for the USA. Also discussed is why some countries, such as Australia, surpass expectations while others, particularly Canada and Japan, underperform relative to countries with similar populations/national income.
This year's predicted winners? The USA (93), Russia (83) and China (57). The full paper was published in the Feb 2004 Review of Economics and Statistics [mit.edu] - summary here [dartmouth.edu].
Re:Olympics (Score:2)
Re:Olympics (Score:2)
Re:Olympics (Score:3, Interesting)
Look at is this way: the best long distance runners are generally from under developed locales in Africa, where, for many people, running is essential just to get places in a timely manner.
A good runner is going to be prime mating candidate, and may very likely choose another good runner. Over just a few generations, this can have an amazing effect.
Of course that doesn't happen everywhere - but I think athletes are more likely to marry athletes in just about any country. After all, the
Re:Olympics (Score:2, Interesting)
The so-called "first-world" nations can have a specialty programs to develop the skills of their atheletes, not to mention be able to identify potential atheletes through their education systems. Smaller nations cannot devote the manpower or economy to such programs. It is interesting to note that there is a lag function involved using prior achievement to show the effectiveness of the national athleti
Re:Olympics (Score:3, Insightful)
No, they're not. If they were, tactical assault, "ultimate fighting", and compettive woodworking would be olympic sports.
The Olympics are, and always have beeen, about "performance." And not in general, but performance in a specific test.
Re:Olympics (Score:2, Funny)
These are the bastards that picked on us in high school!!
Anyhow, this dude has way too much time on his hands if he thinks making a Medal Predicting Model was a good idea, and actually did it.
Re:Australians are the best right now (Score:2)
I like swimming.
Aussie swimmers kick ass!
Re:Australians are the best right now (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Australians are the best right now (Score:3, Funny)
I think the sharks make good training partners as well. For the swimmers that don't make the cut, not only is the water in their blood, their blood is in the water. Australia is starting to sound a lot like Soviet Russia.
Re:Australians are the best right now (Score:2)
Re:Australians are the best right now (Score:2)
actually just under 19million in the 2001 census
invest allot in sports psychology
Just in sports in general - facilities, training, coaching. And in identifying and nurturing young athletes. many countries are great at grass-roots level and professional level, but the in between steps are not so good - promoting and encouraging promising youngsters to become professional athletes.
The weather helps too - more incentive to be outdoors. and there's also the fact
actually the four minute mile (Score:2, Informative)
Vital step missing (Score:2, Insightful)
Thats the primary explaination for the success of the Eastern Europeans in the 60s and 70s, and US Athletics since then.
Re:Vital step missing (Score:2, Insightful)
Doping by atheletes is a world wide problem and it takes place in every country. The US is in no way more guilty of it than any other western European country, that's for sure.
And this gets +5 Insightful. Just shows how you post anything anti-US on slashdot gets you +5.
Re:Vital step missing (Score:3, Informative)
Well, last I checked, it was Tim Montgomery (THG, via BALCO), Marion Jones (ditto), Torri Edwards (Nikeathon), Kevin Toth, John McEwen, Melissa Price, Regina Edwards, Kelli White. Throw in a previous positive tests from Carl Lewis, that was swept under the carpet. Need I go on? I could.
Fortunately, with USADA, this looks like it might change.
See this [yahoo.com] or this [bbc.co.uk] for examples.
PS : Hockey is not governed by US Athletics, which is, unsurprisingly, concened with
Re:Vital step missing (Score:5, Informative)
Many of those are accusations, and while some are probably true, we can do the same thing for almost any country. Let's start a list, shall we?
England [foxsports.com]
England again [cnn.com] (the world champ 100m sprinter... no!)
Germany [dailytimes.com.pk]
Ireland [scotsman.com]
Russia [paralympic.org]
Turkey! [usolympicteam.com]
How multicultural! Those took me about 5 minutes to find.
Have a good day
Re:Vital step missing (Score:2, Informative)
No. I'm calling down shit on the US dope testers, who, prior to the establishment of USADA, ended up responsible for athletic performance (and the enormous income it generated) and dope testing.
Unsurprisingly, this led to a massive conflict of interest, and the US dope testing becoming something of a laughing stock. Don't believe me? Then don't take my word for it. Here's what Dick Pound of the World Anti-Doping Authority has to say
Re:Vital step missing (Score:2)
Re:Vital step missing (Score:2)
These things are far easier to quantify than 'desire.'
Woah (Score:5, Funny)
Relevence ??? (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:Relevence ??? (Score:2)
Mandelbrot (Score:3, Interesting)
Actually (Score:2)
Predictability... (Score:2)
and it's all perfectly predictable!
While that's one thing Vegas will no longer be taking bets for...
But.. (Score:5, Funny)
Rus
always root against... (Score:2, Funny)
Hillary Flammond: Who do you favor in the Virginia Slims tournament?
Blindman: In women's tennis, I always root against the heterosexual.
Re:But.. (Score:2)
Lies... (Score:2, Interesting)
This might sound good and all, but comon, this just reinforces common sense.
Ok, if country A has lots of money, then they can train thier athletes.
If country A has had good athletes before, it stands that they will have good athelets in the future.
The question I ask, did this predict Thorpeo's upset of the American swimmer? I think not
Re:Lies... (Score:5, Insightful)
WTF?
Thorpey held the WR, had 9 of the fastest times ever, had not been nbeaten in the distance for 4 years.... add to that Phelps had never gone close to any of Thorpe's times.
Phelps lowered his PB and got third - which, when you look at his performances over the distance is in fact a bloody good result personally for him.
The fact is, it would have been a pretty major upset for Thorpe to lose to Phelps. It was always goignt o be a race between Hoogie and Thorpe, NOT Thorpe and Phelps - it was only moron commentators who were talkign up the clash that begged to differ.
Past performances always said Thorpe verses Hoogie and guess what - that's exactly how it turned out.
Admittedly, the race did live up to hype as an event. It was a damn good one.
200 free (Score:4, Insightful)
You're absolutely right - the commentators needed to talk up Phelps' attempt for 7 golds - Particularly here in America - which obviously is now over.
That said, Phelps did make it a decent race, as his time was closer to Thorpe's than it was to the 4th place finisher. As you mention, he did set a personal best in his attempt, and there's no shame in that. He also had a real chance at silver (vdH was closer to Phelps than Thorpe).
But ultimately, this was a one-man race from the beginning. And there are some of us Americans whose memories include Sydney and what Thorpe did there. He's not an all around swimmer, but he kills in the free.
Re:Lies... (Score:2, Insightful)
Obviously these statistical models aren't trying to pick winners of individual events, but for this race I think the result was pretty much what people expected, despite what Sports Illustrated or Time Magazine might have put on their covers while trying to sel
Re:Lies... (Score:2)
Re:Lies... (Score:2)
So no, not all americans mind losing
My prediction (Score:2)
Re:My prediction (Score:2)
Host Country (Score:2, Funny)
I imagine that's due at least in part to the fact that the host country traditionally makes an attempt to field a team in every event, or at least as many as possible.
1. Compete in more events
2. ???
3. Medal profit!
Evolution - or just better training (Score:4, Insightful)
Evolution can only be used in this context to explain the improvement of training principles.
Biological evolution would just predict athletes would just get more 'athletier'.
Re:Evolution - or just better training (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Evolution - or just better training (Score:2)
Flamebait strategy: White, money-grubbing, midwestern groupies (worked on Kobe)
God at last! (Score:2)
Iraqi Soccer (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:Iraqi Soccer (Score:3, Insightful)
how much is a room in your sig going for?
Re:Iraqi Soccer (Score:2)
You know, every time someone says something like that, he weakens his own case
Why bother having the olympics? (Score:2)
Models may be able to approximate overall medal performance but its a little disingenuous because its up to each of the athletes to perform in his/her event.
If the models worked too well gambling on sports would stop.
The current table (Score:4, Informative)
Ukraine is not doing too badly, thank you very much. Not for the third poorest country in Europe anyway.
The reason Phelps has to eat Thorpe's bubbles (Score:5, Funny)
Re:The reason Phelps has to eat Thorpe's bubbles (Score:2)
Nobody there seems to have noticed the Japanese guy kicking illegally off the wall yesterday, even though I spotted it instantly at home. Given how bad the officiating has been (softball and gymnastics have both been absolutely terrible), someone could probably show up with fins on. I don't get why the officiating at super-high-profile events (Olympics, World Cup) continues to be so consistently lousy.
That said, while I normally root for swimmers in inverse pro
Re:The reason Phelps has to eat Thorpe's bubbles (Score:3, Informative)
It was unfair an
But when you take into account.... (Score:3, Interesting)
http://www.guardian.co.uk/sydney/story/0,7369,3
The winner is Cuba....
Comment removed (Score:4, Funny)
In other news (Score:2)
Possible Hypothesis Test (Score:4, Interesting)
It strikes me that creating this model for olympic medal winners could provide an excellent 'lab expermient' to test this outstanding question in the philosophy of history. In many ways, international sports resemble international relations (rivalry, preparation, 'war', great (wo)men, winners, losers, etc.). If models can predict medal outcomes with acceptable accuracy, it could provide evidence against the 'great man theory' of history, and imply that a version of 'psychohistory' might be possible in the future!
Re:Possible Hypothesis Test (Score:3, Informative)
Diamond, Jared: "Guns, Germs & Steel"
here's another paper (Score:2)
http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/pages/faculty/and
This page contains more information than the news piece in the Slashdot writeup, you can actually see the Math/Stats they used to construct the model. Last year, this group predicted the US's medal count and gold medal count exactly on.
Re:here's another paper (Score:4, Funny)
Zero?
We're talking about last year's Olympics, right?
go Iraq! (Score:2)
The model reprinted in a terse form. (Score:2, Interesting)
For my next trick, I shall predict what date Christmas will be on - using only the last 400 years of the Gregorian Calendar, minus the bits where they fsked up.
And no smart asses talking about Orthodox Christmas.
In other news, PWC open the worlds largest betting office...
More interesting stats. (Score:3, Interesting)
I think medals per capita of population is a much more interesting statistic, and show how well certain countries (like Australia) do.
Since nobody else has pointed it out, the results so far [bbc.co.uk] seem to suggest that China is actually going to do much better than this prediction suggests.
Comment removed (Score:3, Insightful)
About Quality, not Quantity (Score:4, Insightful)
what the Fox article doesnt say (Score:4, Informative)
I bolded the interesting paragraphs.
http://www.cbc.ca/story/olympics/national/2004/
Olympic organizers boost security after Canadian fan leaps into pool
Last Updated Tue, 17 Aug 2004 09:16:11 EDT
CBC SPORTS ONLINE - Olympics organizers have increased security at all sports venues after an unidentified Canadian spectator plunged into a swimming pool during a diving competition.
The man, bare-chested and sporting a blue tutu, scampered onto the pool deck and climbed to an adjoining diving board during the men's synchronized three-metre springboard event on Monday.
He jumped into the pool after about a minute atop his perch and was immediately apprehended by security officials at the Olympic Aquatic Centre.
The man, who was not identified by police, was arrested and questioned by a prosecutor.
Although the spectator appeared to have harmless intentions, Olympic officials took the breach seriously.
Organizers have spent an unprecedented amount on Olympic security and the incident exposed a hole in the supposed impenetrable safety ring at venues.
"We are going to put security guys around the field of play," Marton Simitsek, an Athens 2004 executive, told the Associated Press on Tuesday.
Olympic organizers said the man was trying to send a love message to his wife by getting on TV.
However, the message painted on his chest appeared to be the website address for an online gaming website.
The fan disruption turned the competition on its head.
The top-ranked Chinese duo Kenan Wang and Bo Peng appeared headed toward certain victory before the intrusion. However, after the incident, one of the Chinese divers landed on his back on his final dive and the team received zeros across the board.
Russian Dmitry Sautin then knocked himself on the board and American brothers Justin and Tony Dumais worked themselves out of a medal position with a missed landing.
Unheralded Greeks Nikolaos Siranidis and Thomas Bimis won the gold. It was the host country's first gold of the Games.
with files from The Associated Press
Ian versus Michael (Score:3, Interesting)
I think a lot of comments about how boring the olympics are has to do with that dented national pride as well as the fact that Americans are somewhat less sporty than average (pure speculation based on hamburger consumption) although women's beach volleyball certainly has done wonders for viewing quotas
Another problem is that Americans, IMO, tend to overhype anything they see as a potential winner. The NYTimes had an article last week "Built To Swim" on Michael Phelps, heaping praise onto the young man in a manner similar to the way that MacDonalds visitors heap extra dressing onto their food in no less than four pages. If that wasn't building the man up for a fall then I don't know what was. Michael Phelps is an amazing swimmer, make no mistake, but so are Ian Thorpe and Pieter van den Hoogenband and both have the advantage of experience in coping with olympic nerves.
I also suspect that Americans, who invested large sums in sport during the cold war in the war of national prestige over the east block, and cruised along in the post cold war years after their former competitors fell apart, are now suffering from a lack of focus and the fact that other emerging nations such as Australia have a better focus in winning at the games.
But cheer up. If China does emerge as an international competitor to the US, I'm sure that the US will once again knuckle down and get that sweat pouring for some national prestige.
Another model has different predictions (Score:2, Informative)
I wonder how this applies to India (Score:3, Funny)
pet peeve of mine (Score:5, Insightful)
I mean, would it KILL them to print a standard coefficient table or equation?
Disclaimer: Yes, I teach econometrics.
Re:Thorpedos Win (Score:2)
Australia was winning (Score:2)
And the UK just gets a silver for synchronised diving - with the least identical pair since Schwarzenegger and DeVito in Twins!
Medal metric (Score:2)
Re:Medal metric (Score:2)
I don't know, but that's what I've heard also. I now see on www.athens2004.com that even by this metric, the USA is now equal second with us (Australia) behind China. We have twice as many gold medals though.
I still prefer Roy and H.G's [seven.com.au] tallies anyway :)
Re:Australia was winning (Score:2)
I happened to be watching the mens synchro diving the other night and saw the UK pair. The shorter of the two really only came up to the shoulder of the other! I wonder how that effects the dives. Not only would the difference in body length affect the time that they hit the water, but possibly also change their spin characteristics.
Re:They neglect the important question (Score:2, Informative)
http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/94 21036.htm?1c [mercurynews.com]
The ironic thing about the article is it recommends DC field a basketball team.
Also, if you want more information on Puerto Rico you can go to this link.
http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Puerto_Rico [wordiq.com]
Re:They neglect the important question (Score:3, Informative)
Why does Puerto Rico have its own Olympic team?
Maybe because it's self-governing [wikipedia.org]? Sport seems odd like that: for most events (not the Olympics, but most -all? - others) the UK does not compete: England, Scotland and Wales do instead (and Northern Irish athletes compete with Ireland).
Sport's wierd like that. My advice is to pick just one sport (I picked Women's Beach Volleyball) and stick with it, ignoring all the other nonsense sports fans are supposed to participate in (except maybe drinking beer. Be
Re:They neglect the important question (Score:2)
Not quite true... atheletes from Northern Ireland actually have the choice whether to compete for the great Britain or Ireland. The team is specifically not the UK, as this would include Northern Ireland.
Also, the UK rarely competes as a single team - but often as Great Britain (the UK, sans NI) in Rugby Le
Re:They neglect the important question (Score:2)
Re:They neglect the important question (Score:5, Informative)
Puerto Rico is not part of the USA, it belongs to the USA. It was given to the USA by Spain in 1898 afted its defeat in the Spanish American War.
Although its constitution names it a Comonwealth, it is actually a colony, a territory with some form of limited local government. Puerto Ricans are US citizens, and use the Dolar as a currency. We must abide by the American governmet, yet we cannot vote for the President or have representation in the Senate or in the Congress.
So there you have it, Puerto Rico is not part of the USA, it is an american territory.
On a related issue. About the future status of the island. 47% of the voters want statehood, 47% want to preserve the status quo and the remaining 6% want its independence. As you can infer from these numbers, the matters of status are actively debated on a daily basis, yet, no change seems posible in the near future.
Cheers,
Adolfo
Re: (Score:2)
Re:No Good? (Score:2)
Unless you would care to assert that there is a genetic (i.e. racial) reason for 'goodness', in which case you are a braver person than I.
Re:What a steaming pile of crap this "study" is (Score:2, Informative)
Re:Ian Thorpe... (Score:5, Insightful)
You North Americans are such bad losers. There are any number of posts here claiming that "other countries" are doing well because they are trained by North American coaches, or because train in the USA.
Now you claim that perhaps the didn't win the swimming because Aussies live near the ocean. Jeeze...
Can't you just accept that sometimes althletes from other countries might be better than the USA ones?
Re:Ian Thorpe... (Score:2)
What? You mean there is more than one USA? Where?
Re:Ian Thorpe... (Score:3, Interesting)
I don't get out much and don't travel much and don't see that much. I like to take a look at the starting blocks and see that everyone looks the same. A swimmer is a swimmer the world around, no matter what nationality they are from. Same build, same posture, same look and everything.
But please, please don't judge everyone based on their me
If ... (Score:2, Insightful)
Synchronized diving is silly, but I fail to see how it is more so than 'normal' diving.
Re:Prediction: some sports are stupid (Score:2)
Re:Prediction: some sports are stupid (Score:2)
Re:Did it see the US losing at Basketball?! (Score:2)
What I watched of our rowing, beach v-ball, and gymnast teams was great though!
Re:Correct name of the company... (Score:2)
The guy is correct. The name was incorrectly cited in the article header. The context of the correction was not meant to be a slam, just good EDITORIAL review.