>"A gas tax was in many ways the perfect (as perfect as one can get) tax. You paid into the road system (all of it) according to how much you used it."
Agreed. It mostly worked. But it doesn't work at all with EV's, and less effectively with HEV's, and gets out of whack for others when fuel prices swing (because road maintenance cost doesn't swing with fuel prices; and the tax doesn't change, it is just a percent per unit of fuel, regardless of the fuel price).
>"This, of course, only works if the vast majority of traffic use gas (which increasingly is no longer the case)."
Actually it is very simple. Drop the gas/diesel tax completely, and tax based on annually-collected odometer readings instead, adjusted by vehicle weight. Problem solved. Most states collect the readings annually already with vehicle inspection. What I very much oppose is the government forcing people to put spy devices in their vehicles (in any form) that can monitor ANYTHING except distance.
>"Personally, I think road maintenance should come out of general tax funds. Everybody benefits from roads, directly or indirectly."
I don't, because it is TOO non-regressive. Those who drive little or not at all are overly punished. Those that destroy and occupy the roads the most (large commercial vehicles) would pay proportionally very little into the system.
I am not fond of tolls mostly because they now spy on peoples' movements (since toll stops/cash are rarely allowed now). And, like you said, it distorts road usage, flooding non-toll roads with extra traffic. But aside from that, they are the most "fair."