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Submission + - Europe's New Entry/Exit System Is a Mess, and It's Not Going Away (nytimes.com)

An anonymous reader writes: European bureaucrats are standing firm on a security program that has led to long lines, confusion and missed flights at airports this summer, despite an urgent plea from the aviation industry to suspend it.

The Entry/Exit System, or E.E.S., requires members of the 29-country Schengen open-border area to collect biometrics like face photos and fingerprints from travelers upon arrival and to confirm their identities upon exit. Since the system took full effect in April, airports and airlines have reported widespread chaos — including hourslong security checkpoint lines and confusion over procedures — and have feared the headaches could worsen as peak travel season begins.

The problems led senior officials from the European aviation industry last week to ask the European Union to suspend the E.E.S. requirement this summer. The system is "undermining Europe’s reputation, European tourism and connectivity," said the open letter to the president of the European Commission.

But on Tuesday, European Commission bureaucrats officially rejected the request in a meeting with industry stakeholders, saying that the new system’s security advantages outweighed its inconveniences.

E.E.S. is used in the 29-country Schengen area, which includes 25 European Union members as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. The system applies to most visitors to those countries who are traveling for a short stay (up to 90 days in a 180-day period), regardless of whether they have a visa.

Since the system began to roll out across Europe in October, travelers have encountered an inconsistent set of procedures, taking anywhere from a few minutes to several hours. Some airports have self-service kiosks where travelers can register their biometrics. At others, border control officers manually register travelers. Only two countries, Sweden and Portugal, currently allow travelers to use a dedicated app. E.E.S. is intended to be an automated system, eventually.

"At present, the system is failing to deliver one of its core objectives: facilitating efficient border crossings while maintaining the smooth functioning of Europe’s transport network," the aviation officials wrote in the open letter urging the European Union to act.

Summer travelers are being forced to “endure needless passport control chaos,” Neal McMahon, Ryanair’s chief operations officer, said in a statement.

“Passengers and families should not be used as guinea pigs for a half-baked passport control system that risks creating long queues, missed flights and unnecessary stress at airports this summer,” he added.

In Rome, the airports have already been suspending biometrics collection on a near-daily basis this summer, said a spokesman for Aeroporti di Roma, which operates the city’s airports. Rome Fiumicino, Italy’s busiest airport, expects around 11 million passengers in June and July, which could be up to 180,000 passengers on peak days, the spokesman said.

Comment Re:Um, what? (Score 3, Informative) 111

It is in character for the tech giantâ"its research division produced the first prototype for a 2 nanometer node chip back in May 2021.

With that development, âoewe highlighted the research, and now all leading foundries are manufacturing theseâ

Just because they don't make it doesn't mean they can't license the patent to the foundries.

Comment Re: What is a "harmful response?" (Score 1) 59

I don't think "continuous" means what you think it means. The reason you can do this is because the models are continuous.

One of the defining papers in this field is 2013 "Intriguing properties of neural networks" by Szegedy et al. In their own words from the abstract, "we find that deep neural networks learn input-output mappings that are fairly discontinuous to a significant extent"

I'm using the word "continuous" in the same sense as them. (Perhaps it does indeed mean what I think it means...)

Comment Re: What is a "harmful response?" (Score 2) 59

In image processing like this article is talking about, the classic example of a harmful response is that your car's camera sees "speed limit 30" sign, but a small sticker it makes the image processor believe it saw a "speed limit 70" sign.

(this is an actual demonstrated attack. It means that pranksters could cripple self driving.)

The thing about these image classifiers is that they're not "continuous". You can make it see a stop sign as a right-of-way sign, or a green light.

Comment Re: Lack of math skills? (Score 1) 110

[invariant-heavy and proof-heavy guidance to the AI] How do you do that?

My main AGENTS.md has ten lines about the most important coding principles:

- Prefer functional-style code, where variables are immutable "const", there's almost no "if/else" branching branching, and most functions are side-effect free.
- Code should have comments, and functions should have docstrings. The best comments are ones that introduce invariants, or prove that invariants are being upheld, or indicate which invariants the code relies upon. ...

I am adamant about clean engineering. What I look for:
- Invariants are the best way to document all aspects of code. These include code invariants (stating what assumptions a function makes about shared data, and how it upholds them), and architecture invariants (for instance the main index.js never touches state except through component accessors). ...

You must document *meaning* of every field, and also enums and disjoint type fields.
- "Meaning" says briefly what the field/enum represents. From a well-written meaning, a smart reader will be able to deduce all the invariants around this field/enum, and deduce how it will be used in the code.
- It is hard work to distill a good meaning! You must put considerable effort into it. ...

The instruction on "meaning" ended up carrying a lot of weight to the AI. It adopted the habit of putting a comment on every single field and function that starts with the word "// Meaning: " and they're honestly, genuinely good ones! Single-line sentences on fields that carry a lot of good weight.

Separately, I have a LEARNINGS.md file which I have the AI auto-update every time it gets course corrected by me. Over the first two weeks there were a lot of course corrections, but now there are only a few a day. The file ended up carrying my senior engineer wisdom, more or less, the kind of things I normally mentor to junior developers on the team over several years. Here's an extract: https://gist.github.com/ljw100...

Comment Re: Lack of math skills? (Score 1) 110

My CS degree had a lot of theorem proofs in it, invariants, that kind of thing. I've always had the habit of aiming to prove my code correct under all possible circumstances. Usually not a formal proof, but using the same skeleton as a formal proof would.

It got me a job on the C# language design team (when I tried to prove an algorithm correct, couldn't, discovered a counter-proof that the runtime had a flaw).

As I mentor junior devs and review their code, I'm always telling them to reason about their invariants better and document them.

Now in the age of AI, I find that invariant-heavy and proof-heavy guidance to the AI ends up getting its work done quicker and higher quality. OpenAI mentioned the same thing in a blog post in February.

Sure, there are many paths to professional success and engineering excellence that don't involve this kind of CS heavy approach. But, there are many that do...

Comment Re:What's the benefit of Rust here though? (Score 2) 171

For existing code in the QA he said leave it be and it's better to fix.

For new code, he's recommending Rust and the advantage he talks about is that it makes the code more maintainable by people. And one thing that every AI coding talk I've seen agrees on is that what makes code more maintainable by people also helps AI and vice versa.

People and AI both have limited attention and memory. The less context necessary the easier it is to evaluate safety.

Another thing not in the summary he touches on is hardware safety. Not just software bugs but also compromised hardware which if your driver is memory safe can also prevent a buggy or adversarial piece of hardware since the hardware is effectively user input.

Comment Other quotes from talk. (Score 2) 171

To balance out OP's selective quoting to avoid people strawman-ing his argument as a fanatic who can't balance risk:

"No, we don't want [rust] rewrites, so unless you're the maintainer and owner of that file, just do it for new stuff. Leave existing C code alone, and let's evolve forward after that."

Now, that doesn't mean he thinks Rust is magic. It's not. He cited one of the first Rust components merged into the kernel: QR code display logic used when the kernel crashes. "That logic was written in Rust. Famously, it had a memory bug. It was given a buffer and its size, and the rest of the st code never checked the buffer size... Could scribble all over memory..."

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