I hate how the conversation always revolves around either the American Model - criminalizing sex work - or the Dutch model, decriminalizing everything - and the Nordic Model is entirely left out of the picture (asymmetric criminalization - selling is perfectly legal but buying is illegal).
The sex work "industry" is deeply problematic in a way that other industries are not. I really recommend reading the above article. Despite the claimed benefits of full legalization in Germany:
* The law's primary goal was to treat prostitution as a regular job, allowing sex workers to get employment contracts, health insurance, and pensions. None of this happens at any meaningful scale. They still avoid formal contracts, to save on social security contributions and reduce regulatory attention.
* The sex industry exploded and the price collapsed. Legalization triggered "unstoppable growth" and led to the rise of "mega-brothels," "flat-rate" establishments, and even outdoor "sex boxes", alongside a massive influx of foreign sex workers, with one punter describing Germany as the "Aldi for prostitutes."
* And with that, came a large increase in human trafficking to meet the demand. Germany and the Netherlands have been ranked among the five worst black spots for trafficking in Europe.
* The law makes it easier to open a brothel in Germany than a chip shop. Because prostitutes are typically considered self-employed individuals renting rooms, brothel owners have no real accountability for their welfare. This legal gray area allows owners to distance themselves from exploitation, with one stating, "That's not my business" when asked if the women in his club work voluntarily.
* The proliferation of the sex industry has negatively impacted cities where it's centred. Saarbrücken's mayor for example notes that the problem has become intolerable, with endless solicitation in public places, used condoms littering streets, and the city's reputation changing from a culinary destination to one known for prostitution.
* The exploitation of sex workers continues, in little-changed forms. The term "pimp" has been replaced by "the man," but the dynamic of control and financial exploitation persists. Women continue to find themselves tricked with false promises or pressured into the industry, only to find themselves trapped.
* Sex workers are left in a precarious and dangerous position. Due to the huge increase in competition, there's huge pressure on sex workers to consent to things they don't want to consent to.
Just a random example from the article
"She tells me about a 17-year-old Russian - let’s call her Klara – whose father had fallen ill. The family was getting desperate for money so when Klara saw a newspaper advert offering temporary work as a prostitute in Germany, “she thought, ‘it will be awful but for three months I can bear it.’ And then she was raped by several men the night she arrived to “get her ready” for prostitution. They took her passport. There was another girl there who wouldn’t do something a customer wanted and they broke a bottle, a glass bottle, and raped her with that. She was cut inside. It was shown to all the others.” Klara was trapped there for four years."
Or as the head of the megabrothel "Paradise" put it, at the end of the article:
Would he be happy for either of his two daughters to work at Paradise, the interviewer asks. Rudloff turns puce. “Unthinkable, unthinkable,” he says. “The question alone is brutal. I don’t mean to offend the prostitutes but I try to raise my children so that they have professional opportunities. Most prostitutes don’t have those options. That’s why they’re doing that job." He pauses and looks away.
“Unimaginable”, he repeats. “I don’t even want to think about it.”
There are all sorts of terrible jobs out there. Working say at an Amazon warehouse is famously an awful job. But there's no mass black market smuggling people in to work at Amazon warehouses under false promises, then when they arrive taking their passports and beating them with Amazon packages and forcing them to stay. The problem is that there's a gross imbalance in sex demand and sex work supply, and the more buying sex gets socially normalized, the worse the dynamic gets.
Which is where the Nordic model comes in. You suppress demand by keeping buying sex criminalized. But if you're worried about protecting sex workers - because yes, there absolutely ARE plenty of people (just not enough to match demand) who do want to do sex work - it's utterly insane to charge them with a crime. In fact, laws in the Nordic model have been repeatedly refined from the earliest incarnations to attempt to minimize the impacts to them - for example, shielding landlords from liability under pimping laws and things of that nature. Under the Nordic model, sex workers are given all of the power in the arrangement. For example, they can go to the police at will without fear of being charged, while their clients have to be careful not to overstep the sex worker's bounds, because, again, the law is on the latter's side. Trafficking has collapsed in states that have implemented the Nordic model rather than legalization. And as for the public's interest, solicitation moves off the streets (because the clients are too afraid of being charged) and onto the internet.