Explain how lithium is mined.
Like this: "Today, there are two main ways to pull lithium from the ground. Until recently, most lithium mining occurred in Chile, where lithium is extracted from brines: salty liquid found at the Earth’s surface or underground. To extract lithium, that liquid is pumped from the earth and then placed in pools where the water can evaporate, leaving behind lithium and other elements.
"Elsewhere, lithium mining looks more traditional. In 2017, Australia overtook Chile as the dominant lithium producer. Companies there blast a lithium-rich mineral called spodumene out of open pits. Today, Australia produces roughly a third of the globe’s supplies. More than 80 percent of that rock then travels to China, where it’s further processed to yield lithium."
And that brine method has caused a lot of harm in Chile: "... lithium mining requires a lot of water. To extract one ton of lithium requires about 500,000 liters of water, and can result in the poisoning of reservoirs and related health problems."
The production of one ton of lithium requires approximately 2.2 million liters of water, diverting scarce water resources away from local agriculture and indigenous communities. The extraction process also leads to soil degradation, making it unsuitable for vegetation and disrupting local ecosystems." [So somewhere between 500,000 and 2.2 million liters ...]
"In arid regions like the Lithium Triangle in South America - encompassing parts of Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile - lithium extraction consumes vast amounts of water. In Chile's Salar de Atacama, mining operations consume around 21 million liters of water per day and use around 65% of the region’s water, leading to severe water shortages."
"The cost of green energy: lithium mining’s impact on nature and people": "The indigenous people of South America are negatively impacted by lithium mining, and the practice has driven hundreds off the land that they once called home. Mining giants in the region originally pledged to consult indigenous communities over lithium mining on their land to make sure it was environmentally sound. However, these corporations have refused to give indigenes a voice in how they are operated. Community leaders have rightfully demanded profits be channelled their way. The indigenous community in the Chilean Atacama desert has two mining companies situated there. The head of the environmental unit of the Atacama Indigenous Council, Francis Mandoca, has said that the lithium mines are branded “sustainable” energy but they are not, as they ruin one zone to satisfy another. The community feels frustrated and concerned because the ponds they used to use have been contaminated with harmful chemicals and are now unusable."