The Politically Incorrect Science Fair 275
Carl Bialik from the WSJ writes "Science fairs have reached new levels of intensity, and students are turning to trendy topics like stem-cell research and intelligent design to get a leg up, the Wall Street Journal reports. 'Serene Chen says she might not be at Harvard now were it not for her application essay, which described her fetal-stem-cell research on the characteristics of Down syndrome. "If you say you studied something like 'random molecule,' it's obscure, but when you say 'stem cells,' people really perk up," says Ms. Chen, 20, now a sophomore. ... Of a 2002 project involving marijuana muffins for pain management in Santa Cruz, Calif., Mission Hill Middle School science teacher Sherri Kilkenny says, "It got all this attention, but it was very average at best." '"
Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start young? (Score:5, Insightful)
This isn't to say that scientists go through their entire careers just generating flash and noise - very few do. But a discovery that plays well to the masses, despite being relative "fluff" in terms of scientific value or breaking very little new ground, can raise awareness of one's work, which can make it a lot easier to get funding for the research that does matter.
These enterprising youth are just picking up on this at an early age, and leveraging it in their favour. Buzzword-compliance probably won't get them beyond a certain point career-wise, but it's interesting to see it having some effect at the beginning.
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:5, Insightful)
But they shouldn't have to do this. This isn't something they should need to know to be scientists and researchers. Period.
Science should be about studying things because you want to understand them better or know more about them. Money shouldn't enter into it.
Unfortuantely money seems to be the prime motivator for research lately. This is unfortunate because it will probably cause many many great things about the universe to be missed in favor of what's "popular" at the time.
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:5, Insightful)
And chefs shouldn't have to know how to do anything but cook.
And geeks shouldn't have to know how to do anything but program.
And athletes shouldn't have to know how to do anything but sports.
And managers shouldn't have to know how to do anything.
Sorry, but "I'm a specialist, so I don't have to know how to market myself" doesn't hold up for a femtosecond. Why do you think so many job postings in the sciences list grant writing ability as desirable? People who can convince others to give them money for something will generally do a lot better than those who can't.
And unfortunately, science isn't like fast food. You don't get out of high school and get a low-paying job working at the drive-thru window of the local laboratory. Unless you've got the chops to work at Bell Labs or somewhere similar, you can't just research whatever you find interesting without having to wonder about where the money's coming from.
It's largely a tradeoff - you can get a nice steady paycheck for researching what the corporate suits want you to research, or you can have a more interesting job that you know up front is only guaranteed for a short period of time, after which it might be renewed "contingent upon continued funding."
We just had a thread on here about NASA budget cuts. One of the areas that's getting cut is astrobiology research. Some of the people I work with have been doing a lot of work in that field, and I've been doing a lot of work with them. (Remember last year's "deep impact" mission? Key members of the astrobiology team for that, basically.) In my case, there are other non-astrobiology researchers that'll pick up any slack in my schedule, but I don't wanna see the astrobiology sorts out panhandling on the corners either. (They're nice folks, and kinda cute for scientists.
It would be really nifty if all the scientists had steady paychecks, and Bush had to hold a bake sale when he wanted to create a new cabinet-level department of the federal government, but oh well.
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:2)
You are right on all your points and I accept all of them. However that doesn't make the situation right. Nor will I agree that it ever will be as long as money is a motivator.
It wo
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:4, Insightful)
Unfortunately, that includes sucking up^W^Wbeing nice to the right people.
In general, I just take the view that the scientific stuff I get to do is really cool and fun and interesting... you know, the "childlike awe and curiosity" that pervades people who're really into scientific discovery? I'm just grateful that I get to do it at all, and even more so that I get a little money in the process.
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:2)
Thanks.
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:2, Interesting)
Such was not the case only a few decades ago. What you witness today is the symbiosis between Market and Science. Their is no defense
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:5, Insightful)
If you are independenty wealthy and are doing science as a hobby, your post is absolutely right.
For the rest of us, doing science does mean getting funding - not only for equipment, travel, conferences and the rest, but also for the rather important, if mundane, reason that it's good to be able to pay for food and rent. Being homeless and begging for food tends to put a crimp in your research, whether you're really interested in your work or not.
But take heart - people are working on what they find interesting and worthwhile. It really is amazing how far you can stretch descriptions of your actual work to make it fit whatever is the flavor of the day. Take just about any two subjects - models of neuarl plasticity in the accessory basal amygdala and feminist influences in nineteenth-century reinterpretations of Chaucer, say - and any good researcher working in either field will be perfectly able to seek money earmarked for the other.
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:2)
Point. But that doesn't make it right. Science, and indeed any research, should never in my opinion depend on cashflow. As far as I'm concerned it colo
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:3, Insightful)
Right? Why? Does not the people with the money have a right to decide what to fund? Or do you suggest any project, whether promising or utterly ridiculous, get funded equally?
And scientists are people. We want money and job security. We want health insurance, we want clothes for our kids, and we want a secure retirement, just like everybody el
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:2)
Remind me again - how many years ago was it "ridiculous" that a man could not fly like a bird? Or reach the moon? Hmmm? Often times some of the most ridiculous areas of research deliver some absolutely stunning results. To not support those would be turning our back on history and closing off whole avenues of discovery.
It's n
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:2)
I won't debate this but I will say that this alone is
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:3, Insightful)
Totally. Every facility where I work (except for a tiny 40-year-old one that's used for practice by undergrads) has anywhere from 3 to 15 different projects wanting each available second of time. People have to propose a year ahead. If they get time, then something breaks or conditions aren't good enough for their research, they're SOL and have to propose again in another 6 mo
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:2)
It occurs to me that I missed addressing this. And that you are correct. The problem comes when people enter science f
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:4, Insightful)
Enter science fields... because of... the money??!?!
HAhahahahahaa!
That was a good one.
If you're smart enough to work professionally in the sciences, the odds are very good that you could make 2-4 times as much money in some other field. I know I have.
But... I was there "for the money." And I agree with you that's not a good place to be. I'm definitely not in science "for the money."
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:5, Interesting)
NASA had a page up years ago that basically said, "If you want to make money, don't be an astronaut, go into the private sector."
The George Carlin principle (Score:2)
"Nail together two things that have never been nailed together before, and some shmuck will buy it." He made this comment in reference to people's tastes in porn, but this isn't fundamentally much different.
Mal-2
Re:Attention-whoring, maybe, but why not start you (Score:2)
Two Kinds of Scientists (Score:3, Insightful)
Let's get one thing straight. There are two kinds of scientists. No, not mad and regular but instead pop and real. A pop scientist would be someone like the late Carl Sagan or Brian Greene who publish books, know how to speak to the masses, and are recognized as TV personalities who come on late night and say a few words.
A real scientist is one who actually devotes their life to their work and really doesn't care if it's ever ex
Re:Two Kinds of Scientists (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:The most famous... (Score:2)
Re:Two Kinds of Scientists (Score:5, Insightful)
This characterization is altogether too common, and from my point of view, flat-out wrong. Einstein and Feynman both knew how to break down complex and current science in such a way that folks from outside the field were able to understand most (if not always all) of it. Does that make them lesser scientists? And are we really so elitist that we have to call any explanation below the journal article level "LCD"?
In the end, it was the lack of public understanding of hot-button topics such as stem cells and anything with the word "nuclear" (why do you think it's called an MRI at the hospital, not a nuclear MRI which would be more proper) that made the science so hard to sell. It would be an idyllic research world if scientists never had to worry about money - I've been working in basic research for 3 years now on an unfunded project, so I have a full appreciation of how important even a trickle of money can be. If we as scientists were more effective more often at communicating with Joe Sixpack (and please, remove all traces of condesention from your mind's voice when you read that), maybe we wouldn't be complaining so much about his uninformed voting on the matters.
"In closing, a pop scientist craves public attention and recognition. A real scientist craves knowledge and nothing more. Which one of these two are you most like?"
Learning without dissemination isn't science - it's a hobby. But dissemination can funnel into directions other than solely into articles. I agree that peer-review is a critical part of how we do business, and if a researcher goes straight to the New York Times instead of Science, that's a red flag. But what's wrong with books and lectures aimed at the masses? Here in Pittsburgh, the Society for Analytical Chemists of Pittsburgh holds the Faraday memorial lecture every winter aimed at explaining science a wider audience, following in his footsteps. It's unfortunate that so many of these books slide in to the 'Let's Dumb It Down' paradigm, because an effective communicator can simultaneously distill a complex topic down to its essentials while remaining true to the fact that the science contains many nuances.
My $0.02 as a chemist and an educator.
Re:Two Kinds of Scientists (Score:2)
My primary workplace is the top research complex on the planet, in its field. Bar none. (And I say that quite seriously.) I've worked there for the better part of two years now. Before I started working there, I was a volunteer at the visitor center - and I've never stopped being a volunteer. I'm most certainly not just there for a paycheck.
I've already made it clear that I Am Not A Scientist[TM], but since I work hand
Re:Two Kinds of Scientists (Score:2)
I work for the graduate division of a university, and thus know a lot of people who would I'm sure would be considered "real" scientists, even by someone as picky as you. I have never known a single one who disliked the idea of recognition by his or her peers, let alone the public. I have never heard of any of them turning down any grants. And so on.
Of course people should be doing science because they want to do it.
One Kind of Scientist (Score:2, Insightful)
The reality is that most science needs resources, i.e. money, space, and equipment. To get that, a scientist needs to be able to prepare his case and defend it; nobody is going to give him or her these without a good reason. After all, there are other people asking for the money as wel
Re:Two Kinds of Scientists (Score:2)
Re:Two Kinds of Scientists (Score:2)
The aggravating thing about t
Interesting (Score:2, Informative)
Re:Interesting (Score:2)
Do you l
Shock Science... (Score:2, Interesting)
So much for the lowly germ unless it's causing an epidemic or the lowly bug unless they're swarming.
Regular science goes by the wayside for the "Reality TV" version of science.
Re:Shock Science... (Score:2)
They may think they do, or their parents might brain wash them into thinking a certain path is "the way", but for the most part, a middle school kid has no fscking clue wtf they want to do when they're older.
If you can hook them into the Sciences with fluff, that's okay by me, because when they actually try to take AP level sciences, we'll find out mighty quick who's got any aptitude for the subject or not.
At the college level, you get another c
start them young (Score:5, Interesting)
Of course, the trendy research changes, and one can find oneself in grant limbo. That is why it is often better to do something personally interesting instead of just hoping for money. That way, if you don't get the money, at least you are doing something interesting.
Trust (Score:2)
Is this what it takes to get into college? (Score:2, Funny)
Re:Is this what it takes to get into college? (Score:2)
The problems in U.S. schools have NOTHING... NOTHING WHATSOEVER to do with funding.
Re: (Score:2)
Like everything else, Science is Politics (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:Like everything else, Science is Politics (Score:2)
Cheap Buzzes (Score:4, Funny)
Hmm... using "marijuana muffins" to get a cheap buzz?
Now there's a novel idea...
Not scientists' fault (Score:3, Interesting)
PS Politicization isn't a word, but I'm not sure there's a better term.
Re:Not scientists' fault (Score:2, Funny)
"Dumbing-down"?
Re:Not scientists' fault (Score:2)
Comment removed (Score:3, Insightful)
Refuting ID is a valid topic (Score:2)
I expect no better from the ID supporters, who have no conception of what science really is, so there's no logical basis on which to argue wi
Re: (Score:2)
Re:Refuting ID is impossible (Score:2)
Re:"Science" fair? (Score:2)
Re: (Score:3, Informative)
This is a false dichotomy. (Score:3, Interesting)
* Lifeforms change over time to adapt to changing conditions.
* Lifeforms never change.
Note that this doesn't even begin to address how life came into being in the first place, nor even exactly what life is!
The researchers who study where life came from do not overlap with those who study the origin of species. This is because we have little to no evidence to make any claims to what happened before the fossil record, and we little left of the earth's surface that hasn't
Re:"Science" fair? (Score:4, Insightful)
I agree. I was arguing that Creation Science can be in principle a real science just a few weeks ago in my philosophy of science class. After all, like you said, it does make falsifiable claims: the earth is young, all life was created at approximately the same time, there was a worldwide flood that killed all but two of most (7 each of some clean) creatures, and so on. Of course, each one of these falsifiable claims has been falsified. But something doesn't have to be true to be scientific. (I admit that it is nit-picking.)
The important difference that keeps Creation Scientists from being real scientists is that science is not just scientific claims, but a scientific process. That claims are falsifiable is only important because these are the claims that the process can use. Creation Science, as it is actually done, is missing the honesty and methodology of science.
In fact, Creation Science is probably the best example of how ad hoc adjustments can be made to save any claim, no matter how consistently and how thoroughly it fails. They actually even explain the lack of evidence for one Biblical miracle with several more non-Biblical ones! The entire enterprise is, admittedly, an exercise in reasoning from a conclusion. As such, while it is a science in principle, it fails to be a science in practice.
From someone with first hand experience.... (Score:5, Informative)
Re:From someone with first hand experience.... (Score:2, Insightful)
Nonsense. (Score:2)
Even if you weren't the guy who wrote it.
Now, that said, we don't know the details. If the listing was assembler, for example, all bets are off. If the kid couldn't see what context the particular line of code was in, then he didn't have enough information.
But a lot of kids write spaghetti code, too.
Why controversial topics are good (Score:4, Interesting)
If these science projects can help inform the public about controversial ideas, then these projects are a good thing.
If these science projects can help train future voters to think rationally about controversial ideas, then these projects are a good thing.
I'm sure that some of the projects may be buzzword laden copies of wikipedia entries, but I applaud those ernest young researchers that tackle tough societally-relevant topics with good science.
Upside/downside (Score:5, Insightful)
From my experience in high school, and from working in a research lab for many years... the kids who do these projects usually have CONNECTIONS. They didn't just waltz up to a university researcher with a proposal, and get to work in a "real lab". They probably knew someone who knew someone. They got to do this work not just because they were bright, which I'm positive they are, but because they were able to get a foot in the door. I got expert advice (though no material support) on my flatworm regeneration project in Grade 10... because my mom was in the same local political org as a biology prof.
So the upside of all this is that high school science fairs are being exposed to a much higher quality of project than before. Which is very good - it gives them a better idea what real research is like.
The downside is that Joe(sephine) Blow regular HS student hasn't got a chance of even being noticed with their project that was done without access to a lab, or any funding. And hence... may not bother to do a project at all.
Re:Upside/downside (Score:2)
Re:Upside/downside (Score:3, Interesting)
The school that I went to balanced things out by having a list of science fair projects that we take and use to set up a display... This was intended to prevent killer advanced projects from coming in, and to prevent a whole quantity of volcanos. Basically, it evened the playing fiel
Re:Upside/downside (Score:2)
Damn straight. IAAS, and I can tell you with 99.5% confidence, that this is how it works. The kids you see at the Intel Talent Search with posters on quantum mechanics or stem cell propogation are probably smart, but almost certainly have parents in the physics and/or biology departments at a major rese
Re:Upside/downside (Score:2)
It was always a pleasure beating their team in Knowledge Bowl,
most won't become scientists (Score:5, Informative)
Re:most won't become scientists (Score:4, Insightful)
Which is bizarre, from my point of view / history (Score:2)
For all of us - including me - it was a challenge to convince us to actually pay attention, let alone care about whether or not we went to college.
And, despite my best efforts, both my kids are the same way.
Whatever (Score:3, Insightful)
Plus ca change (Score:3, Informative)
Once I'd actually been accepted by Cambridge, I never went near chemistry again. (The joke was that after all that I passed the exam with enough points not to proceed to oral interview, so I never got to talk to anyone about my "research project". And, anyway, when I got there I found that what I was doing was just low grade industrial stuff, and real research wasn't anything like that at all.)
How to Win a Science Fair (Score:5, Insightful)
I wish this wasn't mostly true, but most of society favors flamboyance over precision.
*This method has only been validated at the local science fair level. Results at the State level may vary if the project is subjected to a more strenuous and informed judging process.
Experience says (Score:3, Interesting)
WRT my kids, their presentations have been along the lines of stuff that is environmentally interesting or is "future science." I'm very proud of the efforts they've made, but honestly, they didn't have a chance against the glitz-covered crowd.
So, really, what becomes important (not winning) is what the student learned about the scientific process. That's the part on which we've focused.
Re:Wait a Cotton Pickin' Minute!!! (Score:2)
Isn't the idea of evil a religious concept, which cannot be proven, therefore under your own scheme it is infact "stupid"... whilst on the whole people who are against stem cell research might be misinformed (and I happen to think its a very good idea) their oppinions should be challenged with rational ideas, and education, thats how youwin an arguement, not just by saying people are wrong.
Re:Wait a Cotton Pickin' Minute!!! (Score:2, Insightful)
No, "Politically Incorrect" is supposed to be something that will get you murdered murdered in politics. It was popularized by some liberal ideas that went against the mainstream, such as refering to a certain minority as "Black" instead of "African American" depite the fact you know damned well his family has lived in Jamaica for 6 generations before immigarating 3 generations ago. Suggesting that an anti-integration warrio
Re:Wait a Cotton Pickin' Minute!!! (Score:2)
Isn't that overkill?
Re:Wait a Cotton Pickin' Minute!!! (Score:2)
Re:What ever happened... (Score:2)
Big bucks college scholarships happened. Parents know a good project might get their kid "seen" by a top college, getting them in and maybe a scholarship (a top school could run $200,000 these days).
Re:What ever happened... (Score:2, Interesting)
Agreed; however, this may also be attributable to the way science was represented and taught in US schools over the past few decades. My science schooling, most of which occured ~15 years ago, cons
Re:What ever happened... (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Re:Intelligent Design: why is it lumped with scien (Score:2)
Right, like that well-known liberal cause, getting EVILution out of our schools!
Oh, wait.
Liberals are the anti-intellectuals here? GMAFB.
Re:Intelligent Design: why is it lumped with scien (Score:3, Informative)
Re:ID and Creationism are NOT Synonymous (Score:2)
That much is a correct assessment. There is much that science does not explain. Many gaps remain unfilled, and some may be inherently unfillable. One can deal with those gaps either by simply acknowleging that we don't have all the answers and continuing to try to find them, or by filling those gaps with untestable a
Re:ID and Creationism are NOT Synonymous (Score:2)
This is exactly why ID gets so easily dismiss
Re:ID and Creationism are NOT Synonymous (Score:2)
I think that what is also implied with a lot of this is also the "don't need to research it, as it just comes from the Creator, and we don't research things that might reveal the Creator to be not what we thought it
postmodernists? (Score:2)
SETI and ID compared (Score:3, Insightful)
That is not really true. One can search for "intelligent" patterns in DNA/RNA similar to SETI looking for intelligent signals.
Now, some SETI fans will tell you that it is the nature of the signal, not the content that sets it apart, but with all the false positives of the past, such as pulsar patterns, I think the content of the message also has to pass muster to be declared "intelligent", or at least a good candidate.
If we get into the
Re:SETI and ID compared (Score:2)
Re:SETI and ID compared (Score:2)
ID is fake science, because it fails to include all the data. It starts with the conclusion, that an "intelligent designer" (god) created
Re:Political Correction (Score:3, Insightful)
The difference is that the big bang theory uses mathematical models based on measured observations of reality, and the other uses "there's just gotta b
Re:Political Correction (Score:5, Insightful)
Since the evidence piled up became so overwhelming that it became perverse to believe otherwise. Without a series of incredible--and extremely unlikely--future discoveries bringing doubt upon the theory, belief otherwise must either be dishonest or purely a matter of blind faith taxed to its extreme.
And personally, I find it interesting how William Lane Craig uses the Big Bang in his version of the Kalam cosmological argument for the existence of God.
"Intelligent design similarly interprets available facts (e.g., the notion of irreducible complexity) and attempts to coordinate them within a unified theory of origins."
Except Intelligent Design has more problems than any conventional scientific theory. To be honest, it has been thoroughly disproved several times over. That it hasn't been abandoned is proof that its proponents either aren't open to reason or aren't concerned with truth.
Basically, the challenge it presents is shallow and weak. If Irreducible Complexity were understood as most do (that there is no evolutionary path for something), it's clearly and provably incorrect. Investigation into the evolution of the bacterial flagella, the blood clotting system, the immune system, and Behe's other examples have all filled in the picture on how these things evolved. As Behe saw in the recent trial, much of this has already made it into textbooks.
If it's understood as Behe put it (that there no evolutionary path that always maintains the function we see now), it's true but also irrelevant and not a challenge to evolution. Evolution doesn't require that this happen.
And finally, Dembski's "Explanatory Filter" relies on Behe to throw out evolution as a likely natural cause. One must have already rejected Evolution for it to work. That is without even going into how its nothing more than a mathematic version of the fallacy of arguing from ignorance. At it's simplest it's this: Do you know how this thing could come about naturally by law or chance? No? Then it was designed.
"Neither camp can prove their theory to a scientific certainty (as much as either side wants to believe they can)"
Maybe I don't follow this right. Are you squaring Intelligent Design against the Big Bang? As far as I can tell, there is no position or argument in ID that requires anyone to reject the Big Bang.
"but each should be allowed to make their arguments. Let the arguments be tested and challenged in the public sphere, and learn from the debate."
As is happening. Conferences are held, books are written, talks are given, papers are published, websites serve up evidence and arguments... and nobody has ever tried to stop this.
Of course, some want Intelligent Design to be given a free pass to be included in public school classrooms, bypassing the long, hard process everything else is subject to. That's not debate in the public sphere -- that's giving into all demands but requesting negotiations continue. It's absurd!
Re:Political Correction (Score:3, Insightful)
Not to advocate ID, but they do have some good points in their overall fallacious argument. Science has still not (yet) given a convincing account of the orgin of the first cell(s), and evolution requires the existence of a population for natural selection to operate on, so the answer will require scientific theory beyond neo-Darwinian natural selection alone.
It seem
Re:Political Correction (Score:3, Insightful)
I agree that "fist life" is a problem with many clues and many ideas but, yet, no conclusive answer. I think it raises an interesting question: should abiogenesis be considered part of the theory of evolution? Currently it isn't, but all th
Exactly! (Score:3, Insightful)
There are always so many facets of each theory to find support for, and more consequences that lead to more theories and questions and derivative truths that must be verified... and if stuff doesn't quite make sense, well then you need to go back and see what assumptions were wrong and fill in the gaps.
I mean, that IS the scientific process! There's always debate and uncertainty. That's not an indication of a wrong avenue of investigation, rather it's a good s
Re:Political Correction (Score:2)
Re:Political Correction (Score:2)
Yes. And? As are all facts! Do you have your own concept of "fact"? Please share it!
You've given very few clues, such as "The data are the facts used to reason for a Big Bang." I suspect you're saying that there are some things that are theory-less (to be called facts) and some things that are theory. This is a distinction that has long been abandoned
Re:Political Correction (Score:2)
Re:Political Correction (Score:2)
I am choosing to end this "discussion" about evolution with you. Not just because you are cherrypicking some scientific facts without accepting the rest - classic fake science that covers for superstition. Only euphamistically called "unscientific", when it is properly called "delusional propaganda". Much like the Catholic Church invoking the bible and papal infallability when "arguing" with Galileo during
Re:Political Correction (Score:2)
Re:Political Correction (Score:2)
On the contrary, the arguments for the theory of Intelligent Design have been dismissed because they have been found to be faulty, but this has no bearing on the possibility of a God. I would remind you to never confuse the idea that there is a God with the crank ideas of a few academics in Seattle.
"What about the concept of entropy and the Laws of Thermodynamics? Without outside influenc
Re:Political Correction (Score:2)
Re:You are so amazing (Score:2)
Re:How in the world are students obtaining data? (Score:2)
They are high-school students; they're so young they just extracted them from their own brains.
Re:The Simpsons predicted it (Score:2, Insightful)
Science fair student arrested for posessing sugar (Score:2)
Re:I can't see what's wrong with this?! (Score:2)
No, it's just the non-relativistic version. There is another component to the equation that for small enough values of c', that extra part kind of washes out. As c' approaches c, the apparant mass of the object also increases, and the energy required to go faster starts to approach infinity (think giant particle accelerators all to get another decimal place amount of c'/c (i.e.,. from