I assume by "flow rate" you mean power, which is indeed measured in Watts. The article seems to have its units straight. Perhaps your understanding isn't quite what you think it is?

You got letter grades in high school? So you could get something like 1 in 10 answers wrong and still get a perfect grade? Lol, what a joke.

Pass/fail, letter grades, four point scales, even percentages, all of these do the same thing. They group actual scores into categories. You can choose those categories based on what you think the uncertainty in the evaluation scheme is, or meaningful performance bands, or just chopping an unknown distribution into arbitrary equal-sized chunks ("any statistician would tell you").

Well, you fail the pass/fail graded course in knowing what a participation trophy is for.

Your grade in whatever-101 is unlikely to be a very important number unless maybe you're going to be teaching those courses. Neither grad school nor an employer is going to care much about your relative performance on answering questions about Newton's laws, balancing redox equations or single variable calculus. Any important problem there would be reflected in future grades.

Realistically all your precise undergrad grades are pretty irrelevant to both grad school and employers. They just use them as a convenient filter.

Right. So pass/fail works just fine.

I had honours calculus, an algorithms course and formal logic that were the weed out courses. Something like half the students dropped each of them before the no penalty drop date and of the rest about 50% passed. Then they scaled the grades so if you did pass you pretty much got a perfect score.

They're committed to the bit that Kalshi and company are futures exchanges. If New York decided to shut down one of the stock, foreign currency, or commodity exchanges headquartered there it would actually cause a market emergency. If you want to pretend that Kalshi is one of those then you've got to pretend it with feeling.

As long as we keep fighting over each individual opportunity for surveillance instead of public surveillance itself,

Germany, similar to a lot of countries, seems to have general privacy laws that deal with photographing and publishing identifiable people.

In fact, that's in the first sentence of the summary.

Why is "vote with your wallet and let the market decide" the Republican screed when people complain about monopolies, price gouging, insatiable greed, the rise of oligarchies, and the overwhelming power disparity between corporations and normal people, except when it's something conservatives like? Then suddenly voting with your wallet suddenly becomes "performative woke partisan politics".

It's almost like both of those are bullshit excuses to avoid dealing with real problems.

Strange New Worlds is a star in the otherwise bleak landscape of nu-Trek.

Jesus. Hard to believe Pixel started out as a cheaper Android option.

I was thinking about trading in my Pixel 7 for an upgrade this November during the typical sale they have, but not at that price. Maybe it's time to go back to Motorola. Anyone have a good experience with recent Moto models?

It's been pretty much continuous, on both counts. They're often linked too.

For example, written ten years prior to the pandemic:

https://sciencebasedmedicine.o...

or about the period after the 1918 pandemic:

https://www.cascadepbs.org/mos...

They just get louder after big events.

Are they machines? Are they capable of deliberate movement? Do they have any decision-making of their own?

From TFA:

The externally generated [emphasis mine] magnetic fields made the robots spin and tumble through the liquid and squeeze through tiny water-filled gaps in the soil.

So, why are they referred to as robots? If I mulch my bushes — is each chip a "robot" fighting the weeds around the plant? When a brick wall is sanded, is each grain of sand a "robot"?

I gave you the link with all the data citations if you'd like to check the margin of error.

Translation: you don't know the margin of error either.

eclipsing the Dust Bowl's July 1936 by an eighth of a degree

What is the margin of error? Asking for a friend...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

They're way ahead of you. By more than a century.

If only that was cheaper than hiring a human to do it..

I purchased a used Radeon Instinct MI50 with 32Gb VRAM on eBay for $360 — in December. it is quite usable with llama.cpp under FreeBSD inside an older (DDR3) workstation. I use it to filter incoming email (with a plugin to SpamAssassin).

That same model is now being sold for over $500. On the one hand, this is the first time in my life a witnessing a piece of computer hardware costing more seven month later.

But on the other limb, it is still cheaper than simply providing a Western developer with coffee for a few months — much less than actually hiring him...