I currently have an Xbox Games Center app that I can't remove
You fucked up your Windows install. It's possible to uninstall the Xbox shit even on Windows 11 Home edition, to say nothing of Pro / Enterprise where you can disable it using group policy.
On the bottom left corner of my screen is a news widget
Along with everything else you listed except for one single point, everything is removable on Windows 11 Home, and it honours that setting through major release updates. Most of those disappear with just a single setting "Suggestions in Start" an easily found setting that isn't hidden at all.
The only thing you list which is not possible to bypass or override is the fact that if you use any of what you list (and again you can disable it all permanently) any links executed from the Start menu, news widget, search, or notification bar does open in Edge. There's no work around for that in Windows itself but there are programs that can fix that.
You not knowing how to use your computer doesn't make Microsoft evil. Yeah the defaults suck, and my mother may be stuck with a system that spews this rubbish at her, but you're on Slashdot, I expect better from *YOU*