Intel Announces Laser Breakthrough 185
AdmiralWeirdbeard writes "Intel has just announced a breakthrough in laser technology allowing a continuous laser wave on a silicon chip. Apparently they devised a method to sap the interfering field of electrons previously generated in silicon by the lasers. Intel says that hardware exploiting the advance might begin appearing at the end of the decade."
Correct Units? (Score:1, Interesting)
That 48mm seems awfully big (~38,000 times bigger than the other dimensions). IANAEE, so maybe its correct, but their going to refine it, or maybe its not linear.
If it is 48mm though, thats one hell of a long die, unless Intel are going to start making REALLY BIG chips.
Re:Correct Units? (Score:5, Informative)
No, those units look right. If you really read the first article, then you would have seen the picture of the die.
Re:Correct Units? (Score:2)
Re:Correct Units? (Score:5, Informative)
Yes. The Nature article the guys published (20 Jan, vol 433, p292) on this says "4.8 cm".
IANAEE, so maybe its correct, but their going to refine it, or maybe its not linear.
Yes, of course they're going to develop this further. This is the first time they've achived continous-wave laser gain in silicon, obviously the next step is to increase it.
(A smaller cavity requires larger gain)
No it's not linear, the cavity is S-shaped.
Re:Correct Units? (Score:1)
Re:Correct Units? (Score:1, Interesting)
It has to be, for efficiency purposes.
The reason laser light is coherent is because it travels an enormous distance before being emitted. This gives the individuals waves time to become coherent. Normally, this "enormous distance" is implemented by having the light bounce back and forth between two mirrors a large number of times. However, every time the light hits a mirror you lose a bit of energy. So, if the cavity is short, you must have a higher gain in order to get the r
Re:Correct Units? (Score:3, Informative)
The laser is coherent because the emitted photons are in phase.
Re:Correct Units? (Score:2)
Wrong. Here is a good explanation [eskimo.com] in lay terms. You can find much more detailed explanations with a bit of digging.
Re:Correct Units? (Score:4, Informative)
Re:Correct Units? (Score:2)
Thanks for correcting both him and me. I guess I shouldn't believe everything I read online, but I thought at least this site would be safe since a lot of his other explanations are right on...
Re:Correct Units? (Score:3, Informative)
This explanation for why laser light is coherent is WRONG. The coherence properties of laser light are due to the properties of the stimulated emission process, and therefore localized in time and space to the emission event.
The best explanation I've seen for the coherence of stimulated emission is "Rereading Einstein on Radiation" by Daniel Kleppne
Re:Correct Units? (Score:2)
This is true, but does not explain the mass coherence of laser light. It cannot explain why only a single phase becomes prevalent. Remember the principle of superposition -- if laser action depended solely on the in-phase emission of radiation, that would not preclude the simultaneous existence of a great number of different phases. The number of phases would only be limited
Re:Correct Units? (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Correct Units? (Score:2)
No, you are neglecting the other way that energy can be lost -- some of the photons are absorbed when they strike the mirror. By "light" I meant the entire assemblage of photons, not individual ones.
Re:Correct Units? (Score:2, Interesting)
Bet it you look at a road map of any city, you will find that the sum of the length of all the lines on the page is greater then the any of lengths of the edges of the map, too.
But I have a more fundamental question, one which I have not been able to determine in spite of having read the cited articles (Yes, we A.C.s CAN read the fine articles on occasion):
WHAT IS THE WAVELENGTH OF THE OUTPUT???????????
Re:Correct Units? (Score:2)
Does it have gotten the grammer right on this one? One did has gotten the right and was well goodlyness that was be well.
Re:Correct Units? [OT] (Score:1)
Nice sig.. I'm kinda worried that I glanced at it and laughed though.. too much IA32 assembly in my early days.
Dr. Grove, I presume? (Score:1, Funny)
> allowing a continuous laser wave on a silicon chip. Apparently
> they devised a method to sap the interfering field of electrons
> previously generated in silicon by the lasers.
You know, I have one simple request, and that is to have silicon chips with frickin' laser beams on 'em. Now, evidently, my electronically sapped colleague informs me that that can't be done. Can you remind me what I pay you people for? Honestly, throw
Re:Dr. Grove, I presume? (Score:2)
The soy of electronics (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:The soy of electronics (Score:1)
No... (Score:5, Funny)
Re:No... (Score:1)
why you would put caulk in a breast beyond me...
Re:No... (Score:5, Funny)
Re:No... (Score:4, Funny)
My imaginary wife uses AMD you insensitive clod.
Well, at least she didn't StrongARM you into marrying her.
Re:No... (Score:2)
Re:No... (Score:2)
Fix this
Re:No... (Score:2)
They should be for posts that should be seen, but you don't think it should affect the user's karma.
Right now they drop karma and are immposible to metamod so people use them as -1 I disagree or +1 I agree without considering the actual merit of the posts.
Re:AMD? (Score:2)
Its all about the RISC.
Re:No... (Score:2)
Re:No... (Score:2, Funny)
They do?!?!? *Sigh*, I've wondered about that. It seems mine's defective... --M
Re:The soy of electronics (Score:1)
Is that supposed to be another Austin Powers referrence? (fembots, anyone? just me? ok nvm
Re:The soy of electronics (Score:2)
Hmmm, I'm getting hungry.
Raman (Score:3, Funny)
Re:Raman (Score:1, Offtopic)
It nearly destroyed my kidneys.
Now I can't eat it. I miss it so much.
The creamy chicken type was my favorite.
Re:Raman (Score:3, Funny)
Here's to hoping (Score:2, Interesting)
Re:Here's to hoping (Score:1)
Re:Here's to hoping (Score:1)
yes
Am I the only one that doesn't get it? (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Am I the only one that doesn't get it? (Score:5, Interesting)
The second major use would be chip-to-chip interconnect. However, this becomes a challenge, as you try to keep a ribbon of fiber-optics (think 200-2000 strands) perfectly lined up with the lasers on the die. I'm not saying it can't be done, but it is one of the hurdles to face before it could be used that way in mass-produced systems like a PC. The theory goes that at about 1 foot per second, electrical propagation between chips is causing us lots of headaches. HyperTransport and other technologies make some advances to get around the plain limits, but there are still major problems with sending high-speed signals on circuit boards. Even if this can't help speed up absolute memory access time, it could help to improve throughput between memory and the processor, helping to avoid some of the single-threaded bottlenecks that led IBM and its partners to develop Cell [slashdot.org]
Re:Am I the only one that doesn't get it? (Score:2)
1 foot per nanosecond perhaps? I know I don't see a 20 second delay when I hit the light switch
Re:Am I the only one that doesn't get it? (Score:1)
1 foot per second propagation headaches? (Score:1)
"Note to self: next time, upgrade from '2nd Day' to 'Next Day' for chip interconnects."
Re:Am I the only one that doesn't get it? (Score:2)
That would stop those pesky pirates.
Re:Am I the only one that doesn't get it? (Score:2)
Expensive? (Score:5, Insightful)
OK, so I'm probably missing some major point here, but, define "expensive" for making lasers, given that there is a laser in every cheap £20 CD player, cheap £30 DVD player, cheap £5 laser pointer... Can't be that expensive, surely?
Re:Expensive? (Score:1)
Keep in mind they say may be in use in about ten years which means you could have some major upheavals in technology in the interim and lots of lasers would be in demand on one board or card.
Re:Expensive? (Score:1)
Re:Expensive? (Score:5, Informative)
Keep in mind that the lasers you are working with are not very precise (the CD player, DVD player), or even only have to be coherent (the laser pointer) and not pulsing. Even with the encoding, the DVD is only transmitting a few Mb/s of information as it encounters pits and lands on a CD/DVD. (4.7GB/2 hours = ~6Mb/s)
The long-haul optical systems and optical switches are transmitting over multi-kilometer fiber optic cable that is transmitting at Gb/s rates. That requires a MUCH better laser, in terms of power, coherency and switching speed. I actually don't know what the lasers cost, but some of the receivers can be in the hundreds for a single receiver at the very high end. The optical systems themselves are rather expensive, being thousands of dollars for a single mid-range board that has a pair of optical receiver/transmitters (2 ports).
Re:Expensive? (Score:2)
I'm not sure what long haul optical systems cost, but fiber optic 1000bFX cards seem to cost at least twice that of the 1000bTX version.
Re:Expensive? (Score:2, Interesting)
google anyone...? [thorlabs.com]
ECL1525-PM
MicroECL, Wide Tunable Laser Module
Price: $14,000.00
TL1300-B
Intun Tunable Laser, 1300nm
Price: $20,000.00
HGR020
HeNe Laser, 543nm, 2.0mW, Random
Price: $1,900.00
HRP005S
HeNe Laser, 633nm, 0.5mW, Polarized (Self-Contained)
Price: $370.00
HRP008
HeNe Laser, 633nm, 0.8mW, Polarized
Price: $780.00
HRP350-EC
HeNe Laser, 633nm, 35mW, Polarized, 230V
Price: $6,300.00
DL5147-042
655nm, 35mW Sanyo Laser Diode
Price: $44.38
HL6335G
635nm, 5mW Hitachi Laser Diode
Price: $57.14
HL6344G
635n
Re:Expensive? (Score:1)
Re:Expensive? (Score:1)
Re:Expensive? (Score:2, Informative)
solid state diode laser, 5W at 532nm: $40,000
YLF laser, 20W at 532nm: $40,000
Titanium doped sapphire crystal: $1000
optics to make 400mW ultrafast laser: $10,000+
cost of buying comparable kit from KML: priceless!
no, actually $100-300k
not that these lasers are exactly general use.
I'm just pointing out that lasers and materials can be very expensive.
End of the Decade? (Score:5, Funny)
Which one?
What in the... (Score:5, Funny)
I'm sorry, but that is just Rong...
Re:What in the... (Score:4, Funny)
Re:What in the... (Score:5, Funny)
Rong's chip produces laser light when it is 'pumped' with another laser.
So, two lights make a Rong?"
No it means it will Lase you rong time...
Catch 22 (Score:2, Interesting)
This is old stuff (see bottom note on the article, result was published in Oct 2004). Intel showed they can lase silicon with another laser. So how am I going to find another laser to pump this one ?
Silicon is indirect bandgap semiconductor. There is no easy way to make lasers out of it unless you introduce some traps to facilitate optical transistions. Can anyone explain how does it work ? -a
Re:Catch 22 (Score:5, Informative)
A Raman laser, in some ways, is ideally suited for silicon. The Raman Effect, discovered in 1928 by Nobel laureate Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, roughly works as follows: Light hits a substance, causing the atoms in the substance to vibrate. The collision causes some of the photons to gain or lose energy, resulting in a secondary light of a different wavelength. A Raman laser essentially involves taking this secondary light and then amplifying it (by reflecting it and pumping energy into the system) to emit a functional beam. Because of its crystalline structure, silicon atoms readily vibrate when hit with light. The Raman Effect, in fact, is 10,000 times stronger in silicon than standard glass, which should make it far easier to amplify.
Re:Catch 22 (Score:1)
Guess what you had for lunch?
Re:Catch 22 (Score:4, Funny)
This was presumably discovered after much noodling.
Do you smell that? (Score:4, Funny)
Aw, nuts. And I just bought my new Continuous Bacon Wave [asontv.com] . <sigh>There's always an upgrade.</sigh>
Re:Do you smell that? (Score:5, Funny)
That sounds like it would be useful for Ham Radio.
Re:Do you smell that? (Score:2)
Go to baconwhores.com [baconwhores.com] (nothing obscene)
Power supply... (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Power supply... (Score:3, Interesting)
I give it about 20 years. Maybe in 25 we'll start seeing fully-functional optical microprocessors. But by that time there will be already cold microprocessors using nanotube-based transistors, and running with perhaps an AA battery or something.
Re:Power supply... (Score:2)
Re:Power supply... (Score:1)
Re:Power supply... (Score:3, Interesting)
I imagine the initial ENIAC-style transistor computers were power monsters too. So yes, they likely do, but technology only gets better with time. And in fact, depending how it's implemented, it may actually take a little LESS power once it reaches a production-quality level.
Re:Power supply... (Score:2)
I'm wondering if the new chips will be radiation proof.
Re:Radiation Proof (Score:2)
I was thinking that these chips and a "all optical" design would be a required for any kind of spacescraft.
Re:Radiation Proof (Score:2)
Ok, I see where you're coming from. But it seems to me that all of that is an engineering problem. Off the top of my head...
Create an optical source that the rest of the system draws light from. That source is powered using electricity, but is so large and strong and hardened against EMF, that it would take a nearby nuke to disrupt.
The heart of the system, so to speak.
implement (Score:1, Interesting)
Artistic turn... (Score:3, Funny)
Whaddaya know? Per the article, lasers really *are* cool! (cooler than wires anyway).
Optoelectronics (Score:3, Insightful)
optoelectronics defined by Intel article. [intel.com]
More info. Just google Optoelectronics.
Sweet! (Score:4, Funny)
Now I just need to steal Conscription from the Aztecs...
This story is a dupe (Score:1)
Re:This story is a dupe (Score:2)
But I should have linked the previous story as well... my bad.
But it's not a laser (Score:3, Informative)
It's only interesting because it can be electronically swiched on and off, so it represents a nice way of getting modulated light into a silicon waveguide. On the other hand, there are modulators with much better efficiency. So it's a cheap but inefficient modulator, which is also a wavelength converter.
Re:But it's not a laser (Score:1)
you think nature would publish something about a laser that is not really a laser?
Re:But it's not a laser (Score:4, Informative)
Laser: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
The stimulated Raman effect is fundamentally different from stimulated emission. You can't get stimulated emission from Si because it is an indirect bandgap semiconductor. However, it is true that both processes can generate coherent beams of light, and people typically refer to devices that generate coherent light as laser sources, hence the term "Raman Laser".
However, my point is that this device can't convert non-optical energy into optical energy. Furthermore, since it's a non-linear optical process, you can only get the necessary intinsity to drive this process from a coherent source. Therefore you must have an actual laser to start this process. This is something that they state in the articles. However, in the c/net article, the marketing hype starts to take over. They state, "The Santa Clara, Calif.-based company has created a chip containing eight continuous Raman lasers by using fairly standard silicon processes rather than the somewhat expensive materials and processes required for making lasers today." Implying that this gets us away needing old-fashoned expensive lasers. It doesn't.
Yes, they are nice, small coherent light sources that can be easily modulated and integrated into Si, but they aren't lasers, and the efficiency is a problem.
Let's say you want to start making integrated optical circuits. If you want a chip with 100 switches, you must pump each switch with 300 mW. (Well maybe you could cut back to 100 mW, but the efficiency of these things is non-linear, and there will be a threshold power at which they don't work.) Therefore, a device with just 100 switches would require 10 to 30 watts of coherent optical power to drive it. Then you need to worry about the wall-plug efficiency of your pump laser (or lasers) and the bulk of the pump laser.
It's interesting, and it did deserve an article in Nature. However, there's a lot of corporate marketing hype behind all the buzz in the linked articles, and when marketing hype and science mix I get annoyed.
used with GaAs lasers? (Score:3, Informative)
What do you mean by "actual laser?" Are semiconductor lasers not coherent sources? Or are they not bright enough? It did say you need another laser . . . I think maybe I'm not fully understanding what they're talking about:
Using the Raman effect, th
Re:But it's not a laser (Score:3, Informative)
So I guess all those argon-pumped Ti:sapphire oscillators and diode-pumped Nd:YAG oscillators aren't real lasers either. The radiative mechanism for this device is different than for a direct-bandgap semiconductor
i read all three articles and... (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:i read all three articles and... (Score:1)
Geordi Will Be Happy (Score:1, Funny)
Yes, but will the warp-core injector stay online until the tachyon pulse is finished retuning the bullshittean field modulation?
Exploitation (Score:3, Funny)
And software exploiting said hardware will appear about 15 minutes later...
Pretty much (Score:1, Flamebait)
You should stay in college :) (Score:2)
Re:You should stay in college :) (Score:2)
Actually, its called Beta and is used to measure risk. A beta of 1.0 would mean a stock is just as volatile as the S&P 500, though you could chose any other index as a base if you wanted to and recompute beta against that.
As for the original parent, the post was clearly a troll aimed at private social security accounts.
Re:You should stay in college :) (Score:2)
ZIM!! (Score:1, Offtopic)
Re:...Shark breakthrough still to come. (Score:2)
Rimshot? (Score:1)
Re:Rimshot? (Score:2)
Re:Rimshot? (Score:2)
bah-DUM-stch!!!
Re:Purpose? (Score:2, Insightful)
IIRC fiber optics networks still have to use electronic switches, hubs, routers, etc, that means that the data has to be converted from photonic to electronic and back at every switch/router/anything that actually processes it. This causes a huge slow down in comparison to what a pure light switch/router/etc. could perform.
Re:Purpose? (Score:3, Funny)
Yes, the purpose is to distract you from how poorly Intel's processor business has been doing lately.