I agree with your points.
There is also a psychological toll to robocalls that we're not going to come back from --ever. We don't even pick up the phone, even for known callers sometimes. Just looking at the ringing device's phone screen is a drag when we know it's a dud 50/50.
After slowly seeing the ramp up in the past 10 years, it's hard for tech savvy people to ignore the peace-of-mind workarounds. We can switch off the ringer or go on airplane at odd hours of the day, use contact list-only whitelists 24/7...
Even if the US somehow succeeded in some way where email's can-spam act and the do-not-call lists* have failed, and call volumes return to 1990 levels, people won't bother to ever pick up again or delete their blocklists for good.
Smartphones are oppressive. There is precious LITTLE in tech which is different, sadly. I've watched in pain as more and more choices are removed from GUIs, and more and more unobtrusive power-user options are blocked claiming disuse, or needs-of-the-many... or " our 'maintaining' this mature 0.0001% of the codebase is a pain, so let's DELETE it while we add unneeded new Pocket & Friends bloat here every month" and web standards and browsers do things like blocking user agent protections from manual user choices (the anti-bookmarklet fiasco), blocking "insecure" iframes, while they push for security and privacy nightmares like webRTC's leaking your private IP, beacons, css and JS empowerment for tracking, webUSB and "powerful features", near-unblockable location and notification APIs even on desktop browsers... the stupid scrollbar devolution from thin to molecule-sized to on-demand despite our desktop and mobile screens getting *bigger*...
I digress. So when phones come with no rooting options, I am more and more painted back into a small corner. Got a too-cheap chinese phone 12 months ago that is somewhat crippled but I haven't dared to root it because the xda forums show no definitive rom to do it. Even my dead rooted LG phone required several long hours of research for me to root it 3 years ago. It WAS glorious to have control over privacy and systemwide ad blocks. Nowadays, I still can't block calls properly other than number by number, but at least ads are somewhat managed with DNS66 and disabling javascript on Firefox Mobile... and a home router where ddwrt refreshes hostfiles APK-style thanks to a cronjob on the web somewhere.
If there were some true linux in your hands option as pervasive as iOS or Android, things would be different. The ability to "patch" our crummy phones with what used to be a standard computer command just isn't there. I have to do some heavy content edits on my PC before taking entertainment on the go because there are no viable CLI or API-exposing commands on Android. If you look on the web, many one-liner solutions exist for Windows and Powershell, and even MacOS for various nuisance. But just blocking facebook's IP on mobile or "unlocking" the supported theme API requires root-like prerequisites. That's a bit like "applying this command is only available to approved|registered users".
Retaking the robocall topic I'll say that there's an ongoing experiment at my house in its 4th week. Everyone else is traveling and I unplugged the phone to see if it throws off the daily callers by flagging our phone inactive. A week ago I realized that nomorobo and other protections at the ISP level need to be disabled if I wanted ALL the callers to go not get the courtesy "you've been blocked" messages. Around the same timeframe since it was a robocall-free day (Sunday) I surfaced for about 3 hours last around 5pm. Got 2 random calls even then, so I am not holding my breath.
I also attribute the increase of smartphone robocalls to flashlight apps selling our data where personal numbers and friend data from our and their contact lists is ripe for the taking. No thanks to Google's lack of per-access UAC popups prior to Android 6. So even if I'm watching what apps I and my friends install, our numbers are already out there... sadder is the fact that if I go the phone company to cycle numbers, we'll just get someone else's number. With that come the old owner's debt collectors (which are chasing after people who are ghosts for all intents and purposes), assorted robocalls... I owned a number for a decade just 1 area code digit off from that of a clothing company. Real people would mis-dial once in a blue moon. Back then, though, cellphones were untouchable by scams and robocalls. Not so for the past 5 years. And that's with my new number being on the donotcall list.
* and now the European GDPR which at least here in the US hasn't stopped what it was aiming to curtail in the data collection dept., but just added clickthru "here be dragons" warnings to delay the issue till a horror-filled future date successfully tests the law in worldwide courts