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Comment Re:money (Score 1) 101

I quote the parent poster: "UK here". The voting system in the UK does not know primaries as the U.S. has. Only the Conservative Party has experimented with open primaries since 2009. The last one was 2019 in the Constituency of Gower. If the parent poster were a resident of Gower by chance, he could not vote in any primaries in the last five years, if not, he probably has never had the chance to vote in any primary ever.

U.S. defaultism...

Comment Re:A sad day (Score 4, Informative) 175

People will adopt electric, the doom-and-gloom all aside. Norway has already, Sweden is following suit. Germany and Austria are at 18% electric for new sales now, despite the government ending the subsidies 1.5 years ago. (40% are hybrids due to a somewhat strange tax exemption for company cars.)

The U.S. is somewhat lagging behind, because right now, it's some kind of anti-virtue signalling to go fossil despite the advantages of electric. This fad will ebb.

Comment Re:A sad day (Score 5, Informative) 175

It's not just the technology which is expensive, it's also the fuel which is expensive. If you use fossil hydrogen, or hydrogen made from natural gas, what's the point to begin with? You still generate carbon dioxide you emit into the environment. If you use hydrogen made electrolytically from water, then hydrogen is just a way to store electric energy. Why not use batteries instead, which are far more efficient at about 80% vs. 35% total efficiency?

There is only one situation where hydrogen could make sense: if you can use surplus electric energy in your hydrogen generating plant, so you can get the energy basically for free. But that means that you have quite the discontinuous process, which sounds not very efficient.

A second problem with fuel cells is the way they are spec'd out. To save on cost, they are combined with a traction battery and cover only about 30% of the total power output of the car, acting as a range extender for the traction battery rather than the direct power source for the motor. This makes sense if you are moving mainly in flat terrain and in stop-and-go traffic, where you only need short bursts of high power output. But if you are living in mountainous terrain (as I do), they don't fit. Just the mechanical energy necessary to lift a car about 1000 or 2000 feet will exceed the traction battery's energy storage, and the time to travel up that ramp is too short for the fuel cell to recharge the battery. It means that somewhere around 1000 feet, your battery runs empty, and now your car has only 30% of power left to pull it upwards. Europe with its many mountain ranges, from the Pyrenees over the Massif Central via the Alps to the Balkan Mountains is not the right terrain for fuel cell cars, as they are quite challenged to get across.

The town of Innsbruck, where I live, was testing a fuel cell powered bus two years ago on the line 590 (Innsbruck - Neustift im Stubai). With a height difference of about 1500 feet between the bus stops Innsbruck Süd and Schönberg, the bus was losing power for about a third of the distance, having only fuel cells for about 75 kW of the 225 kW of installed electrical power.

Comment Re:Birds, schmirds (Score 3, Informative) 97

Stand-alone trees create the same amount of risk for birds, especially birds-of-prey with their tactic of nose-dive attacks. If the wind changes slightly, they can get off-track and fatally hit the trunk and branches of trees. This happens surprisingly often.

In general, migrating birds fly at altitudes of 3000 feet and more above ground, far out of the reach of windmills, and hunting birds fly at the level of their prey. For most birds, this means insects flying at less than 100 feet, out of the reach of windmill blades.

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