The talk about space being cold, having more light, etc. is pretty much nonsense. More like it has less regulations and bigger budgets. However, I could imagine some kind of low latency compute being needed for applications like:
- Luna: Automated robotic exploration and construction drones wanting 2 second lag, different countries are working on it
- Asteroid mining robots: Onboard compute, or lower latency needed on arrival / when opposite Sun
- Telescope on other side of the sun: Maybe not needed
- Solar system / Oort exploration robots: Maybe needed years from now
- Deep space exploration robots: Maybe needed years from now
Just an armchair guy but it seems like:
- Setting up in-system relays alone should be sufficient for delivering AI+Human based commands when low latency is sufficient, i.e. in transit. And will be required for operation in planetary shadow. We have something at Mars, and for the Far Side of the Moon we are apparently working on Lunar Communications Relay and Navigation Systems (LCRNS) for Artemis.
- Moving compute nearby for lower latency (1 second) will be needed when robots actually touch rock or enter planetary shadows, if we want them to move with any kind of speed. For the Moon, libration points would give 400ms round trip which is probably enough, or in-orbit is better.
- There will be a lot of advancement in processor capability/size and to a much lesser extent space propulsion over the years robots are traveling the deep dark, so it may be better to wait as long as possible so that a miniaturized, low power, high compute package can be delivered on a fast rocket to be there when they need it.