It was a typical Ken Burns documentary, history etc. One salient part of the documentary was that cancer is not a single disease. It is a huge variety of diseases causing uncontrolled cell divisions. Further the cancer a patient has changes, evolves over time. Many promising drugs work very well initially but the cancer adapts to the drug.
Another salient part of it is the exponential increase in the cost of treatment. It has gone upwards of 100,000$ per patient per year in drugs. I am sure the researchers in Caltech know more about it than I do, but still, one wonders are they raising hopes needlessly and prematurely.
So it is not as difficult to create spurious call for papers.
when building physical products we can't always afford to build and test new physical hardware for it to then crash and burn
Well, it should just follow the software industry's path breaking achievements in shaping user expectations and user behavior.
First there should be an EULA claiming the body and soul of the user, with added clauses to add more demands later any time.
Then user should be made to accept, "it is going to crash and burn. Can I get get something done in the mean time?".
If it builds we ship. Then the customer feedback is how we know whether what we built works. This is the software industry standard.
If you don't want to be evil, you will very generously call your product "in beta".
But such people exist, and if the government does not provide it, more unscrupulous operators will fill the vacuum and skin them alive even more. Ideally we should educate the people so that they slowly stop gambling. In the mean time, provide slightly better alternatives than criminal gangs.
All the tax-cuts since the Reagan administration actually creation millions of jobs and explosive economic growth, in China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, India, Indonesia... The rich took all the tax cuts, shafted America and invested them all abroad. All our economic woes can be traced to middle class naively believing the Republicans promises of wealth and prosperity by giving tax cuts to the rich.
Think about it: Half of India does not know when their next meal is going to be. Which means the other half has food security. Still they live in a hand to mouth existence. Half the rest are better off than hand to mouth. Half of the better than hand-to-mouth have decent disposable income. This 1/8 of the population of India is 125 million strong, as big an economy as Japan and bigger than many European countries. Living in a sea of dirt cheap labor, none of the labor saving devices would sell there. But anything not doable by throwing more people in, electric power or cell phone etc will have big markets there. Add Africa and South America, you can bet they will leap frog over the developed countries in off grid power, like India did with cell phones a decade ago.
Any given program will expand to fill available memory.