I find it extremely farfetched that nothing would advance at all in 10000 years
I don't. If you consider actual Chinese history, with the resources, civilization, scholarship and technology they had >3000 years ago, we should have fully populated the moon, Mars and the asteroid belts by now. But we haven't, and it's down to how people behave in response to how they're governed.
In the Dune universe, everything is deliberately limited by culture and governance to a sort of hyper advanced steampunk, and interstellar space travel is almost entirely controlled by a monopoly.
Everything, that is, except the Thinking Machines, that have no such self inflicted limits, and ultimately recover from the Butlerian Jihad and expand to, again, challenge humans.