Cost efficiency assumes the trains are full. They won't be. Not here in the states. They'd be empty.
The biggest problem with huge trains is filling them. You could build an awesome next gen rail system here in the states but nobody would ride it. Accept for the corridor from D.C. To NYC the trains would be empty. There just aren't thousands of people every day that need to get from St. Louis to Sacramento. Maybe a couple plane loads on a busy day. But that's it. There ARE many thousands of people all going someplace different though. What rail needs to replace in large part are CARS. That means we need to be able to hop on in lots of places, and tell the thing to zip us across town. Think Street Cars of the future. If it picks up nearby every 15 minutes and takes you right where you're going you can also give up quite a bit of speed. Long trains full of a thousand people, boarding, stopping, starting, going across the countryside, stopping and going again to accommodate all the people, it's a nightmare and when we finally arrive we have to rent a car to get around!
Small single car rail is the answer. Hop on, go where you need, across country or just across town. 100mph is plenty. The power goes in the rails, the "brains" go in each car, not some big switching station.