Going back to the invasion of Georgia the US government had, overtly (I don't think the IC state department people every really pivoted), to a mostly adversarial relationship with the Russian state.
In the 20 years hence Russia has at various times sought to rehabilitate its image on the world stage thru negotiations like New-Start. The our government would have been able to leverage such events if convincing evidence existed. They did not, under Obama of all people they did not. Additionally Russia had no interests served by further antagonizing the US government thru most of that period, far better for them if we stayed out of their conflicts with the former Soviet bloc.
Conclusion - Russia was not then, though certainly could be now and with reason to be, responsible. However let's be real about that too. Why would Russia risk intelligence assets targeting research scientists. They are being rapidly depleted by our providing Ukraine with mostly end-stage cold war era weapons systems. Even if they (Russia) have more advanced weapons (hyper sonic missiles) at a battle field ready stage, they have no capacity to produce them in battlefield altering quantities. Try to delay us from developing tech we'd be unlike to field for a decade makes little sense, they'd be better served trying to compromise the production teams at our defense contractors and arranging some industrial accidents to shut down production than trying to target the research side of the house.
On the hand China.. who is very much considering a future war and has the resources to fight it; is looking at a situation where they could face next-gen weapons by the time they decide to pull the trigger. They have every reason to want to make sure they fighting the us with 21st century weapons while we are forced to rely on late 20th century relics, in the same way Russia is forced to rely on midcentury relics to fight Ukraine and our late 20th century stocks.
Russia for a foreign policy and security standpoint is a distraction! US policy makers need to internalize they are has beens who don't for the most part matter. They have firecrackers that make it impossible to ignore them entirely but by and large everything fling their direction is stuff we'd be better served to hang onto for an eventual Pacific conflict. Obviously with the exception of those arms with an expiration date.