"Neither are capital gains SS taxed"
It's not SS, but let me share with you a tidbit about capital gains and Medicare...
My wife and I took substantial capital gains in 2023, sale of an investment property. Paid substantial taxes. It was worth it. I also in 2023 finally enrolled in Medicare, my employer subsidized health insurance finally lapsed.
This year, 2025, Medicare assessed us each a little over $500/month increased premiums, due to IRMAA ( income related monthly adjustment amount) based on our one-time large income reported 2 tax years before. That's about $12,000 total increased premiums for us. Being also on SS, both of us, that's not inconsequential.
Next year we will petition for a reduction based on a much lower income in 2024 {two tax years back), and get relief. And they didn't ask. It's deducted from your SS payment. And no advance notice, though I was unhappy with all my advisors, especially my Medicare agent, that we had no notices. And no we didn't study Medicare regulations sufficiently to recognize this.
Understanding that these 'entitlement' programs bloat the federal budget in different ways than, say the departments of Education, State, Justice, the CIA, FBI, so forth, is I think important. Our federal government is overall much too large. Expensive. And does not give a return on investment that is deserved.
Why would I not include Defense in the list of bloats? Some agencies provide good ROI. I submit Defense is one, Agriculture, EPA, ICE others. Always worth examination, but there are few substitutes for food, water, border security, and self-defense (at a national level). The rest need to prove their worth.