Comment true. All languages can do exactly the same things (Score 1) 26
Question, what does R do that other lingos cannot?
Nothing. I'm sure other languages can do everything R can do.
This is an interesting point, which I'm going to veer slightly off topic with. All general purpose programming languages* can do _precisely_ the same things. All fit the requirements to be "Turing complete". ANY Turing complete language "A" can emulate any other Turing complete language "B", and therefore "A" can do the anything that "B" can do. Since "B" can also emulate "A", the two languages can do precisely the same things. (Church-Turing thesis). An interesting example of this is that JavaScript can do everything that CPU microcode can do, as shown at http://bellard.org/jslinux/ .
Therefore, the question is never "which language can do more", it's always "which language can do it most quickly, most securely, etc." C is often faster than Java for many operations. R is more convenient for statistics, PHP 5.3 makes security bugs less likely than PHP 4.0, but all of those languages can run the exact same programs.
Contrast HTML and XML, which being markup languages rather than general purpose programming languages, are not Turing complete. Standard regexs are also not Turing complete, though Perl's extended regexs very well may be.