It's a combination of excessive consumption (sure we've eaten these foods for thousands of years, but not in the same quantities), heavy processing, and artificial ingredients used as replacements for things either because they're cheaper or because the original ingredient is being blamed for obesity/diabetes.
For example, a recent study shows that artificial sweeteners are more dangerous than sugar:
https://www.oncologyrepublic.c...
Multiple governments have been pushing hard to reduce sugar, which resulted in them being replaced with artificial sweeteners making the problem even worse.
The key drivers here are poorly thought out government initiatives to reduce X, and the commercial for-profit food production model which incentivises excessive consumption. The removal of [fat|salt|sugar] being a prime example, they replaced these with artificial junk and now openly promote "now sugar free, you can drink as much as you want!".
Moderate consumption of traditional ingredients is the obvious solution, but no for-profit company is ever going to encourage people to buy less of its product.