While I wholeheartedly agree with your first paragraph, however your AI fears are far less grounded. There may not even be a great filter - especially as we are not anywhere close to being a Type 0 Kardashev.
As for late filters, if we want to be clear, the primary concern is runaway *anything* - the point where we have the technology to change the world, but not the foresight to know what the consequences of our actions are. We are definitely in that space. But AI isn't the issue - climate change is the far larger concern - as are geopolitical friction exacerbated by the corruption of, eg, United Nations by the five permanent members of the security council – and, of course, the limiting factor of using profit without lasting accountability as a metric of success. For example, for over five decades, major tobacco companies knowingly engaged in systematic civil fraud and racketeering by suppressing scientific evidence, misrepresenting the addictiveness and lethality of their products, and depriving consumers worldwide of informed choice, they were fined about $206 Billion, whereas the actual cost of the damage was $600+ Billion EVERY YEAR in the US alone, and 8 million deaths per year globally - over 100 million deaths in the 20th century alone. Death for death, Stalin, Mao, Hitler, and Pol Pot combined had nothing on these guys. Nor did all the wars combined. Nor every automobile death combined.
There's your filter. That's just one industry - not even a military industry - allowed to rewrite the law in order to sustain profitability. We have plenty of them though - big oil, the current opioid scandal, car manufacturing (eg Ford infamously calculated a cold cost-benefit analysis showing it was cheaper to pay off wrongful death lawsuits from Ford Pinto fuel-tank explosions ($200,000 per life) than to spend $11 per car to fix the design flaw.)