Japanese streets often don't have pavements/sidewalks either. Major roads often do, but smaller roads often don't, especially around homes. Sometimes there is a white line and a ~30cm area where you can kind of walk.
Many roads are poorly lit too. Street lighting is far from universal, and I've spent a lot of time wondering around in close to pitch darkness in urban areas. Very unlike the UK where everywhere is well lit.
Speed limits are lower, 30 kph (20 mph*) around where people live. Lots of cyclists. Lower rate of accidents than many comparable countries.
It's hard for people to imagine because they don't have all the safety systems that we do, and seemingly allow cars, cyclists, and pedestrians to mix, yet somehow it is safer.
An hour drive and you can be in very rural areas, lost in the mountains.
* Actually many parts of the UK are now going to 20 mph as well, although I doubt it will work as well as Japan.