I think there are (at least) two different distinctions at work; rather than a direct opposition between 'buzzwords' and 'jargon' at the level you describe.
Both are jargons for the purposes of being nonstandard or very locally standardized usages within a particular group; but when people say 'buzzwords' there's a specific pejorative implication, while 'jargon' is usually implied to be legitimate and useful at least within its subject area.
Obviously legitimacy claims, rather than linguistic ones, make the boundary a bit fuzzy; but there are some tells. A jargon term(in the positive/legitimate sense) tends to go places: if someone doing analog signal processing says 'bandwidth' it may confuse ribbon enthusiasts; but it touches on a whole bunch of related concepts: bands have widths and 'wideband' and 'narrowband' are what they sound like they would be; bandpass and bandgap filters do frequency dependent attenuation in ways that either allow a particular band through or heavily attenuate a particular band. When a project manager says 'bandwidth' they mostly just mean ability to do work, with a slight extension available to say you are too busy if you don't want to say you are too busy "I don't have the bandwidth/the team doesn't have the bandwidth". If you try to extend the concept; by, say, combining the 'bandwidth' of two people you end up with The Mythical Man-Month rather than the link aggregation or NIC teaming that you'd get if you told the networking guy that you needed to eliminate a bottleneck.
That's what really marks the example phrase as 'buzzword'. You've got a metaphor drawn from baseball that barely even makes sense in the context of the sport(people only 'touch base' if the timings on opposing teams are particularly tight); then 'offline' is at least meaningful in the context that it is drawn from; but actually kind of confusing in context(are you taking it offline because it doesn't need to be handled synchronously or by everyone in the meeting? Because you don't want it on the record? Because it doesn't require drawing on the connected resources it would have if it were online?), then you've got 'align', which is vague at best misleading at worst(is 'aligning your bandwidth' working on the same things, specifically avoiding overlap? some of both?).
That's really, beyond more or less subjective judgements that engineering and science are more respectable than suit stuff, what makes 'buzzwords' feel slimy. Unlike 'jargon', which can be obscure to the layman but tends to have lots of internal connections that are consistent and enlightening; 'buzzwords' tend to be a lot of relatively surface-level borrowings that lack internal implications and which range from merely not-illuminating to actively obfuscating.
Linguistically both are jargons in the sense of being specialized local vocabularies; but 'buzzword' tends to imply little or no useful internal consistency; more or less ad-hoc borrowing of shiny-sounding words from random places; while 'jargons' in the 'respectable' sense are quite often cryptic on the surface; but have relatively massive bodies of internal consistency within the jargon. "Touch base" is practically plain english compared to what a mathematician or a physicist means when they say "field" vs. what a farmer or someone with a lawn in the suburbs means; but it's also shallow: there's nothing illuminating about the implied analogy to baseball, there aren't any additional things to be inferred from the idea that the people touching base are members of opposing teams trying to reach the base first(indeed, that's probably actively misleading); while 'field' as the set with specific operators defined is a little esoteric; but there are large areas of math that use, and in some cases flow from, that definition.
