I assume by "flow rate" you mean power, which is indeed measured in Watts. The article seems to have its units straight. Perhaps your understanding isn't quite what you think it is?

You got letter grades in high school? So you could get something like 1 in 10 answers wrong and still get a perfect grade? Lol, what a joke.

Pass/fail, letter grades, four point scales, even percentages, all of these do the same thing. They group actual scores into categories. You can choose those categories based on what you think the uncertainty in the evaluation scheme is, or meaningful performance bands, or just chopping an unknown distribution into arbitrary equal-sized chunks ("any statistician would tell you").

Well, you fail the pass/fail graded course in knowing what a participation trophy is for.

Your grade in whatever-101 is unlikely to be a very important number unless maybe you're going to be teaching those courses. Neither grad school nor an employer is going to care much about your relative performance on answering questions about Newton's laws, balancing redox equations or single variable calculus. Any important problem there would be reflected in future grades.

Realistically all your precise undergrad grades are pretty irrelevant to both grad school and employers. They just use them as a convenient filter.

Right. So pass/fail works just fine.

I had honours calculus, an algorithms course and formal logic that were the weed out courses. Something like half the students dropped each of them before the no penalty drop date and of the rest about 50% passed. Then they scaled the grades so if you did pass you pretty much got a perfect score.

They're committed to the bit that Kalshi and company are futures exchanges. If New York decided to shut down one of the stock, foreign currency, or commodity exchanges headquartered there it would actually cause a market emergency. If you want to pretend that Kalshi is one of those then you've got to pretend it with feeling.

I think this. As I mentioned above, back in the day there were flunk out courses to weed out the low performers. I had a chem class that shot for around 30% dropout to cull the engineer wanna be's. The math class too, but lesser cull rate, probably 10-20%. The chem-e's were required to take this even more difficult freshman chem class. I think it had a 50% cull rate. The school knew organic chem(2nd year) was a bitch and why wait a year to find out they couldn't handle it. Cull early.

Maybe these days, but way back when, many of those freshman classes were to weed people out. I took one easy English class. The others were calc, physics, chem, CS. Many had high drop/flunk rates. I would agree it was a year of challenges for me. And it should be. I knew several who did not see 2nd semester.

As long as we keep fighting over each individual opportunity for surveillance instead of public surveillance itself,

Germany, similar to a lot of countries, seems to have general privacy laws that deal with photographing and publishing identifiable people.

In fact, that's in the first sentence of the summary.

Yep, the IRS upgrades and ATC ones allocated money always seems to get redirected. I just saw trump redirected almost a bil for WH renovations. Congress didn't fund it so the king opted to move other monies for some gold plating. https://www.yahoo.com/news/pol... Its almost like he thinks he is staying.

It's been pretty much continuous, on both counts. They're often linked too.

For example, written ten years prior to the pandemic:

https://sciencebasedmedicine.o...

or about the period after the 1918 pandemic:

https://www.cascadepbs.org/mos...

They just get louder after big events.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

They're way ahead of you. By more than a century.

There are a bunch of them. People were chasing after Mac minis, which are almost cubes, just a little squashed.

No idea what you're talking about.

I think the ugly reality is the AV's fitted with a myriad of cameras is the real worry. Those AV's are roving surveillance equipment. I don't think anyone could believe if Flock or some other org offered to pay even a buck a day for access to those camera feeds, the AV suppliers wouldn't nod yes immediately. There is no going back from the current availability of cheap cameras, cheap storage and cheap compute. The framers couldn't have envisioned this. Even I as a older techie still find the magnitude of the storage capabilities available today as a bit surreal. RAM sizes that dwarf persistent storage of just 2 decades ago.