Radiators.

Since the heat out at most equals the solar power in, and the two-sided flat-plate equilibrium temperature of a panel receiving solar energy is 331K (58 C), if the solar panels are also the radiators, heat rejection is manageable.

(Completely accurate only far from the Earth. In Low Earth Orbit, you also have to account for albedo and infrared radiation from the Earth.)

Ribosomes do a job a bit more complicated than "catalyze reactions."

And ribosomes.

So, they took apart living e-coli cells, purified the pieces, and put the pieces together. To make something not as good as what they started with.

(the summary seemed to imply that ribosomes are enzymes. They're not.)

Just pass a "net 1kg/year" rule.

That's the problem. They are buying up the energy, and outbidding the schools for it, thus raising the price.

Seems like we're circling back to The Feeling of Power.

He did his best, but it wasn't enough.

It annoys me so much when old, renowned scientists start using AI. From the grave!

Late to the party, but Not Just Bikes has a great video on this topic.

How do you, an ordinary person, call the EMS if your mobile 'phone does not work because the cell tower has run our of electricity ?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

12:33:24 CEST – grid collapsed completely, the HVDC between France and Spain tripped.
...
00:22 CEST – grid fully restored in Portugal.
04:00 CEST – grid fully restored in Spain.

Looks like 15 1/2 hours for full power back in Spain

What will the cost of not doing this be to: customers, emergency services, ... ?

Not really. Self-replication is the hard part. Once you can get molecules that self-replicate, then life may be easy.