The constitution, as a modern legal document, is crap.
Of course, it's not a modern legal document. That's the problem.
I'm not talking about sensibilities here at all, I'm talking about how weakly it is written. Practically everything about it is horribly vague, again, by modern standards. You can argue back and forth for eternity about what various parts of it mean because it doesn't have most of the things we expect from a legal document. Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 is sorely in need of a definitions section. So, obviously, is Amendment II.
This directly affects the point you have raised here. The exact extent of the rights accorded the federal government is up for debate, and therefore, so is the extent of the rights of the people as the two are not meant to overlap.