It's arguably that specific position that gets you 'science' rather than something else. If there's insufficient interest in prior work or too much zeal for sticking it to the orthodoxy, man, you never actually get a research program; just individual theories advanced in relative isolation, often specifically tied to their creator and a few students, but just abandoned for the next individual theory rather than ever being worked up hard enough for the cracks to start to show. And, of course, if you declare an existing piece of work to be canonical you are explicitly defining it as no longer a research program(with the possible exception of doing a bit of empirical stamp collecting to fill in details around the edges if they cannot be inferred from first principles) because it's the truth.
Galileo's case is, obviously, one of a system that veered too close to being declared The Truth; clearly you've got a problem when academic astronomy will get you hassled by the pope; but it's also a case of astronomy being comparatively mature and functional as a 'scientific' endeavor; and Ptolomaic theory ultimately cracking up under the weight of centuries of carefully collected observations that became increasingly hard to square with the number of deferents and epicycles and things needed to construct a Ptolomaic model that agreed with the observed sky. The Ptolomaic model was, as it happens, totally wrong(as was the Copernican one; heliocentrism with perfect circles rather than Kepler's elliptical orbits gets really gross really fast once you start adding the complications needed to square it with observations); but as an example of science at work astronomy was a more or less enormous success at achieving an ongoing research program that generated empirical results that ultimately both demanded the development of better theoretical models and were conveniently ready and waiting for the people who worked on creating those models.