You just need to lower down the windows. Easy.

The battery heater in BEVs does NOT use water-based coolants at all because of the risk in case it leaks. Instead, they use glycol. Tesla even has a sensor that will disable the HV battery if it detects a conductive liquid in the battery loop.

Let's get some chemistry to help!

On average, the rate of chemical reactions goes up by 2x for every 10C of temperature increase. If your battery is at -20C then it produces about 12 times less energy than at 15C. A typical car battery can produce about 300kW of power, so that still leaves you with 25kW (or 33 horse power). A typical battery is about 400kg for the cells themselves, and apparently the cells have specific heat capacity of 800 J/kg/C, so heating them at 25kW will require 448 seconds.

But heating the battery _improves_ the discharge rate, so you get a nice differential equation. If you solve it, the resulting time is around 240 seconds or 4 minutes.

In reality, modern EVs drive just fine in Midwestern weather without ANY pre-heating. You get very sluggish performance for the first ~10 minutes while the battery warms up, but the car is perfectly drivable.

This study is BS. I have a 2018 Model 3 with resistive heating, and I did many road trips in sub -20C conditions. Heating a cold-soaked battery from that temperature to 10C takes about 5kWh, or around 7% of the total capacity. You typically can do that on "shore power" while the car is plugged in but you can do that unplugged. After that the battery gets enough heating from its internal inefficiencies.

The major energy sink is actually heating the _cabin_. People tested driving a Tesla Model 3 at -20C without any heating, and the range is around 86% of the normal.

So the range impact has NOTHING to do with the "battery chemistry" or "fundamental problems with lithium". It's just a question of using more energy to drive a given distance. Good news is that it can be solved by just making the battery larger.

LOL. A simple EV drivetrain is easy. A modern EV? It's an engineering work of art, with specialized power electrics, electric motors with power density that is insane, etc.

A lot of complexity is not apparent to classic mechanical engineers, but it's no less real. If anything, it's the gasoline engines that require no real expertise anymore.

Semantics. The last years of Chinese schools are focused on gaokao. It's THE test in China, even though technically it's "just" a university entrance test. So pretty much everyone ends up taking it.

There's also Zhongkao which also will cause poor US snowflake students to become a gibbering mess if they had to take it.

The entire country of China. This is the university entrance exam ("high exam"). They also have a zhongkao ("middle exam") to get admitted into the high school.

That's why I mentioned gaokao. Look at its sample problems: https://www.reddit.com/r/math/... Notice a distinct lack of calculator problems and long division?

SAT, ACT, whatever. They both suck because they are WAY too easy.

No, I'm not. Studying any topic is hard work that requires a lot of exercise and practice. And you need objective criteria to measure your progress. You can do competition-style measurements, where you pit yourself against other people. But it's not practical for math. So you're only left with "track running" style measurements, i.e. testing.

Yeah, yeah. The 'dynamic' education will allow synergy with AI-based information workflows empowered by laser-focused goals-based education.

Enough buzzwords? I can add more.

The reality of matter: STEM education requires a lot of effort. And the US schools discourage it. There is no need for any "dynamism" in school math, school students study stuff that hasn't changed in nearly 2 centuries by now.

Oh, do fuck off. The teach-to-test is FINE for math. In fact, it's the absolutely best way to teach it. It's just that the tests _themselves_ have the consistency of wet toilet paper. And since they keep showing just how bad the US education is, they keep getting even mushier: https://newsroom.collegeboard....

Bring gaokao to the US!

Their business plan was to develop sodium-ion batteries. This requires a lot of speculative research, which requires time and money. Meanwhile, Chinese CATL launched a new sodium-ion battery line. And BYD is building a $2B sodium-ion factory right now.

In 5 years, the US will face international battery competition from two fronts: solid-state batteries for high-performance cars and electronics, and sodium-ion batteries for grid-scale projects and cheap cars. With thousands of patents protecting all the important technologies.

And the US answer will likely be a new purple-colored F250 with even lower fuel economy and built-in coal-roller.

Lookie here:

Terrorists using hospitals for military purposes. How usual of you anti-semitic genocidal maniacs. You also LOVE riding in ambulances and then complaining when you get blown up. Or using children as shields.

Mind you, Israel admitted the responsibility, unlike genocidal HAMAS terrorists who are never wrong.

Nope. And not hitting on boys either.

A real test needs to be like the gaokao, where nobody ever got the perfect score, or CSAT from South Korea where maybe a handful of students get the perfect score each year.

And why is this bad? Taking out HAMAS leaders while not harming civilians is good in my book.