The criteria is "the company that has the power to demand the data, has to do so if ordered by their country's courts". This probably dates back to the 16th century or earlier. Some time around the Hanseatic League...
A Canadian company with data in Outer Mongolia has to produce the data if it can. If the Outer Mongols prohibit the Canadian company from demanding it normally, the Canadians can't be ordered to produce it, because the data isn't in the Canadian company's control. If they allow it to be demanded normally, a Canadian court can get it. They have to do it via the Mongolian branch, they can't just issue court orders in Mongolia.
Your suspicion is correct: a Canadian company that controls data in the U.S. can indeed be ordered by a Canadian court to produce it .
--dave
I was thinking about replacing the leaders, actually. Their party need to choose a new PM, real soon!
--dave
[How about the Pirate party?]
Most the members of the Conservative Party are not a majority of former Reform Party members any more....
I don't think they ever were: it's the leadership that's ex-Reform, and who has been acting in direct contradiction to what they espouse to their electors.
I fear that corruption is starting to set in: the ex-Reform members who lead the current federal government used to hatewasting money. Now they're pissing it away it like drunken sailors.
Time for a change: either the party replaces the PM, or the voters replace the party.
Actually one "polices" them rather than "regulating" them. It's called the "police power of the state", and refers to a lot more than the cops. Anything that gets you dragged in front of a magistrate or board who can punish you is policing
Regulation is a technical term for bylaw-like legislation, is misleading as heck, and historically is a term that lots of people in the 'States and Canada viscerally hate.
Living on Earth may be expensive, but it includes an annual free trip around the Sun.