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Comment Re:The fallacy of labels (Score 1) 320

If you think Gödel's incompleteness theorem means that math isn't about provability, then you don't understand Gödel's incompleteness theorem.

The incompleteness theorem, very basically, says there are statements that are true but not provable. It definitely does not say that there are no statements that are not provable. That would contradict itself.

I'll assume your use of the word "probability" was a typo, but I can't figure out what you actually meant with the first sentence.

Comment Re:Swiss vs Apple marketing (Score 1) 389

physical things have historically proven to last a lot longer than virtual things (See the Pyramids for example)

I'm not so sure. The very oldest things we have are physical, but we have numerous virtual things. For instance, the story of Noah's Ark is over 2000 years old, and possibly almost as old as the pyramids themselves. A lot of the bible is from that time. Of course, the actual books of the bible are themselves physical, but the stories predate the bible. Other mythic stories have lasted longer than the new testament, and some longer than the old testament. It is, of course, difficult to ascribe exact timelines to when these ideas started.

Yes, some stories have been twisted and altered. At the same time, the Pyramids don't look today like they did at the time of their building. Same basic shape, but smooth, shiny, and white.

Then there's language. Language is a virtual thing that mutates fairly rapidly on the scale of history, but eg. Proto-Indo-European has been somewhat reconstructed and is thought to be almost 6000 years old or more.

Comment Re:We've redefined success! (Score 3, Informative) 498

Who hasn't had an urge to throw himself of a bridge once upon a time?

Without actually having statistics to back me up, I'm guessing most people. Certainly not me.

Some statistics I found from a Google search suggests about 3/4 of people never have: https://www.thecalmzone.net/20.... Some Korean statistics go as high as 35%. I never saw higher without breaking it down into specialised at-risk populations (war veterens, LGBT people).

I'm honestly shocked that you think it's normal. Clearly it's not rare. 25% isn't low. But it's nowhere near universal.

Comment Re:"taxes are write-off expenses" (Score 1, Informative) 98

You're thinking of income tax deductions. Value-added taxes aren't the same thing at all, and percentages don't enter into it.

If you have a value-added tax of, say, 10%, the total money collected by the government on the sale of a final good is 10% of the final good's value. And ultimately the person who pays that money is the end consumer.

How do you figure out what a final good is? In a value added tax, the answer is you charge the tax on *every* sale, but when it comes time to give the taxes to the government, you pay the difference between the tax you collected on your Widget, and the tax you paid on the various goods and services devoted to making that widget.

So company A sells a GrappleGrommet for $50 before tax (for the sake of argument, it was made from nothing of substance), to company B, who tools it up and resells it to the end user for $100 before tax as a Widget. GST is 10%.

Company A charges $55: $50 plus $5 GST. The $5 GST is handed to the government, and they keep the $50 that was the price before taxes. So in a sense, they didn't really pay any tax at all, Company B did.

Company B charges $110: $100 plus $10 GST. They only have to remit $5 GST to the government, because they deduct the $5 they already paid to company A. So having paid $55 to Company A, and $5 to the government, that's $60 out, and $110 in, for a net profit of $50. That's exactly the same amount as if there was no 10% tax in this scenario*, so in a sense they didn't really pay any tax at all, the customer did.

End-user pays $110, and they have a Widget representing $100 of value aside from taxes, which they consume and never sell. They were the one who truly "paid" the $10 GST, it just happened that all of it flowed through Company B to get there, and half of it also flowed through Company A.

The Government has received $10 total, which is, unsurprisingly, 10% of the final good's value.

There are other sales taxes on final sales that try to define the final sale by defining what is and is not a retailer and wholesaler etc., and maybe that's what you're used to. Value added taxes are actually a rather elegant solution in theory, but they can generate a lot of paperwork in order to match the taxes you paid to the taxes you collected.

Or you might be imagining that sales taxes go to non-final sales, which is really uncommon because that leads to multiple taxation and discourages specialization and componentization in businesses.

* I'm ignoring the fact that taxes can affect setting prices for the sake of exposition.

Comment Re:Bad French, man (Score 1) 340

Wendy's and McDonald's still do it:

http://i.imgur.com/XrHObuG.jpg

Tim Hortons used to.

Some older locations retain signage with the company's name including a possessive apostrophe, despite the fact that the official styling of the company's name has been Tim Hortons, without an apostrophe, for at least a decade.[16] The company had removed the apostrophe after signs using the apostrophe were interpreted by some to be breaking the language sign laws of the Province of Quebec in 1993. The removal of the apostrophe allowed the company to have one common sign image across Canada.

cite: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T...

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