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IT

PDF Still Unfit for Human Consumption, 20 Years Later (nngroup.com) 227

Research spanning 20 years proves PDFs are problematic for online reading. Yet they're still prevalent and users continue to get lost in them. They're unpleasant to read and navigate and remain unfit for digital-content display. From a report: [...] Burying information in PDFs means that most people won't read it. Participants in several of our recent usability studies on corporate websites and intranets did not appreciate PDFs and skipped right over them. They complained woefully whenever they encountered PDF files and many who opened PDFs quickly abandoned them. Following are behaviors and quotes from business professionals testing the About Us areas of corporate websites. One user looking for information on the Small Business Administration's website got stuck in a PDF. While she was trying to figure out what exactly the administration did, she said, "I expect it to talk more about what they can do for me. If the print was bigger, that would be really helpful. Now, I'm stuck in a PDF."
Space

Scientists Say Most Likely Number of Contactable Alien Civilizations Is 36 (theguardian.com) 181

An anonymous reader quotes a report from The Guardian: They may not be little green men. They may not arrive in a vast spaceship. But according to new calculations there could be more than 30 intelligent civilizations in our galaxy today capable of communicating with others. In 1961 the astronomer Frank Drake proposed what became known as the Drake equation, setting out seven factors that would need to be known to come up with an estimate for the number of intelligent civilizations out there. These factors ranged from the the average number of stars that form each year in the galaxy through to the timespan over which a civilization would be expected to be sending out detectable signals.

But few of the factors are measurable. "Drake equation estimates have ranged from zero to a few billion [civilizations] -- it is more like a tool for thinking about questions rather than something that has actually been solved," said Christopher Conselice, a professor of astrophysics at the University of Nottingham and a co-author of the research. Now Conselice and colleagues report in the Astrophysical Journal how they refined the equation with new data and assumptions to come up with their estimates. "Basically, we made the assumption that intelligent life would form on other [Earth-like] planets like it has on Earth, so within a few billion years life would automatically form as a natural part of evolution," said Conselice.

The assumption, known as the Astrobiological Copernican Principle, is fair as everything from chemical reactions to star formation is known to occur if the conditions are right, he said. "[If intelligent life forms] in a scientific way, not just a random way or just a very unique way, then you would expect at least this many civilizations within our galaxy," he said. Under the strictest set of assumptions -- where, as on Earth, life forms between 4.5 billion and 5.5 billion years after star formation -- there are likely between four and 211 civilizations in the Milky Way today capable of communicating with others, with 36 the most likely figure. But Conselice noted that this figure is conservative, not least as it is based on how long our own civilization has been sending out signals into space -- a period of just 100 years so far. The team add that our civilization would need to survive at least another 6,120 years for two-way communication.
"They would be quite far away ... 17,000 light years is our calculation for the closest one," said Conselice. "If we do find things closer ... then that would be a good indication that the lifespan of [communicating] civilizations is much longer than a hundred or a few hundred years, that an intelligent civilization can last for thousands or millions of years. The more we find nearby, the better it looks for the long-term survival of our own civilization."

Comment Re:Some days the world is just to odd to comprehen (Score 1) 431

Do keep in mind that those are in two different countries. This story is about a stormtrooper in Alberta, Canada, the protesters you're referencing are in the USA. If anyone in Canada, protesters or not, decided to go near government building with weapons (automatic or not), they would be stopped. In Canada you're allowed to protest things, but your rights end where everyone else's rights begin, so open carry isn't allowed.

Comment Re:Welcome Back, McCarthyism! (Score 1) 131

I'm so glad that jingoistic McCarthyism is back.

Added a link for those too young and/or uneducated to know that shameful time in US history. And I agree, this reeks of just that sort of witchhunt. From investigating claims the virus came from that Wuhan institute, when American scientists say those claims are unfounded, to asking about any contact with the CEO of Zoom, this looks like a fishing expedition riddled with hints of accusations that shouldn't be condoned in a free socienty.

Comment Double-space on mobile inserts period (Score 1) 344

Just to make this conversation more interesting, let's discuss how tapping the spacebar twice when typing in iOS and most Android versions inserts a period and a space (by default.) We can also throw in how some (unsure which ones) default to that space being an em space instead of a standard space. If we keep this going long enough the kerning nerds are sure to appear.

Comment Re:In the end, a stupid debate... (Score 1) 411

Yeah, that's a lot of cherrypicking [..] you already omitted most of the OECD countries that have fewer deaths per capita than the US.

Yeah, I came here to point that out too. That list was conveniently cut off before the USA's biggest trade partner's number came up - Canada is at 43/1m. USA even without NY is still 50% more deaths per 1M (or Canada is 33% less, if you prefer to turn the ratio that way). I don't think USA's numbers are something to be proud of yet.

Privacy

India Says Zoom 'Not a Safe Platform' For Video Conferencing (reuters.com) 49

India is the latest country to denounce videoconferencing software Zoom, calling it "not a safe platform." Reuters reports: "Zoom is a not a safe platform," the Cyber Coordination Centre (CyCord) of India's ministry of home affairs said in a 16-page advisory. The government body also provided guidelines on how to avoid unauthorized users from carrying out malicious acts while using the tool. Zoom's mobile app saw a sharp surge in downloads in India as the country enforced a nationwide lockdown late last month to curb the spread of the coronavirus. Even some Indian government officials have held discussions with industry executives to discuss coronavirus relief measures via Zoom. One media report this week said the Indian government was advising its ministers not to use third-party software for sensitive meetings.

Comment Re:Disapear (Score 1) 156

For a pyramid that you might build, you are correct because you actually know the difference between a pyramid and a triangle. Unfortunately, the original article used the word pyramid when they actually meant triangle, which can be seen in this photo from the original article. So, keeping with their 2-D pyramid, i.e., a triangle, with proportional base and height, the 4-million gallon structure would tower over 500,000 feet high.

500k feet seems too high. The area of a triangle is base x height / 2. So a 500,000 foot high triangle with an area of 4,000,000 square feet would be only 8 feet wide at the bottom.

I don't know how tall a 1 gallon jug is, but I can tell you that a triangle that's a as high as it is wide with a volume of 4M is only 2828 x 2828 (ie: x*x/2 = 4M => x = sqrt(8M) ==> x = 2828.) If you make it twice as wide as it is high (picture it as 45% angles on the bottom corners and 90% at the top), then the height is an even 2000. So if a 1 gallon jug is 1 foot high, the pyramid would be 2-3 thousand feet high.

Medicine

Massive US Coronavirus Stimulus Includes Research Dollars, Some Aid To Universities (sciencemag.org) 124

sciencehabit shares a report from Science Magazine: The $2 trillion stimulus package that the U.S. Senate is working to approve today is aimed at helping the country cope with the massive impact of the coronavirus pandemic. But it also includes at least $1.25 billion for federal research agencies to support scientists trying to better understand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, it extends a financial hand to universities that have shut down because of the pandemic, some of which could go to support research that has been disrupted.

Details of the legislation have yet to emerge after Republican and Democratic leaders in Congress worked out their differences in negotiations that ran into the early morning. But a 22-page summary (PDF) released by the Senate Appropriations Committee this morning contains these highlights:

- The National Institutes of Health would receive $945 million for "vaccine, therapeutic, and diagnostic research" on COVID-19 as well as on "the underlying risks to cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions."
- The National Science Foundation would receive $76 million to supplement an ongoing program that allows scientists to jump into the field for pilot studies on all manner of natural disasters.
- The Department of Energy's Office of Science would get $99.5 million to cover the additional costs of operating user facilities at its national laboratories, including support for equipment and staff.
- The U.S. Forest Service would get $3 million to "reestablish experiments impacted by travel restrictions" stemming from the pandemic, including an ongoing forest inventory.

In addition, three research agencies would receive a total of $86 million "to support continuity of operations" affected by COVID-19. NASA would receive $60 million for the costs of rescheduling scientific missions, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration would get $20 million to supplement "life and property related services" within its National Weather Service, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology would receive $6 million to support "research and measurement science" aimed at developing better diagnostics and testing of the coronavirus.

Comment Re:why the hell US citizens? (Score 1) 118

Healthcare in Canada is handled by the provinces (after many long-fought battles to get Federal money and keep their control of it). Each of the provinces has been enacting their own policies for the past couple of weeks, including travel restrictions, closing schools, quarantines, etc. Last week Ontario extended their March Break by two weeks. Alberta cancelled school until the end of the year. PEI decided everyone coming from out of country should quarantine themselves for two weeks (they're still figuring out how to enforce that, but Canada does have laws that will put you in jail if you break your quarantine, so I guess it's honour system with potentially harsh penalties if you get caught.)

I agree that a cohesive federal policy would have been nice a while ago, but it would have had huge push-back from the provinces if done before people saw the seriousness of the situation, because it would have been federal powers overstepping into areas the provinces control. There are a few parallels to the USA, where there's usually a clear divide between Federal and State powers.

Comment Re:why the hell US citizens? (Score 1) 118

Well, we do have the longest unmilitarized shared border in the world, and a huge number of people cross it daily. Like not just as tourists, but for work, shopping and to visit family. I expect they realized just how hard it would be to filter that border short of restricting it to only those with a Canadian passport, and decided this was the only actually workable policy.

As an aside, I'm really curious how they think they can handle the exemption for people with family in Canada. All other exemptions can be checked quickly at the border, but how do you check that one?

Comment Re:You mean it's not sonar? (Score 1) 18

has the Navy decided to start using active sonar again, publishing a study like this to disguise the real reason for the beachings?

The article specifically addresses this. The researchers excluded from their study any beachings that had known or high likelyhood known causes (such as injury or malnutrition). Additionally, they mention that gray whales (the species studied) don't navigate the world based on sonar; and they discuss a recent beaching of a different type of whale that does use sonar and attribute it to US navy war games conducted at the time.

Sci-Fi

CBS Makes Star Trek: Picard Pilot Free On YouTube 'For a Limited Time' (arstechnica.com) 168

A reader shares a report from Ars Technica: CBS has made the entirety of the first episode of its new series Star Trek: Picard freely and publicly available as a YouTube video. This is an opportunity for viewers curious about the show to see if Picard is worth subscribing to the network's streaming service, CBS All Access, to watch the rest of the series. The episode on YouTube is the same as the pilot episode that premiered on CBS All Access last week. The second episode of Picard began streaming on CBS All Access yesterday, and the network plans to release episodes at a weekly cadence.

CBS has not said whether it plans to make other episodes available for free on YouTube in the future, but it seems likely. The description for the video says the episode will only be available "for a limited time" and that it's presented by Geico. It does not, however, clarify how long "a limited time" is or when the video might become unavailable.

Earth

New Type of Aurora Called 'The Dunes' Documented (sciencealert.com) 8

davidwr writes: Remember the aurora-that-wasn't called STEVE from last April? Well, amateur stargazers in Finland are at it again. This time it's for a new kind of aurora dubbed "the dunes." These new aurora are thought to be an example of a "mesosphereic bore" in which oxygen is exited by the solar wind or possibly gravity waves. The original paper can be found at here. News of it can be found at ScienceAlert, Live Science, and probably elsewhere. The researchers say the dunes emerge at an altitude of about 62 miles in the upper reaches of the mesosphere, and are visible simultaneously from different locations in Finland and Sweden.

The University of Helsinki has posted a video of the new type of Aurora Borealis on their YouTube channel.

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