That is actually how civilization advances.
No it's not exactly the case, and you gave a perfect example right after. Are you advancing the civilization by being more efficient at your job thanks to a tool you don't understand? I don't think so. You are surely advancing the profits of your company, or your own profit if the paycheck at the end of the month is all you are looking for. But for the somewhat positive evolution of of masses behavior that you named civilization advancement, it's another story.
Civilization changes due to a deeper comprehension of the universe, be it mathematics, sciences or psychology, sociology or whatever else. This better comprehension allows us as a whole to build new tools (either material like your car or immaterial like equality among sex and races) that in fact will change our global behavior. But restrict the understanding and you get stagnation, which was exactly what happened in the middle-age in Europe.
In the case of computer programming, if you focus on learning the tool (the syntax of the language or the usage of your IDE) and forget the underlying problem, you just won't be able to do anything useful. The key question in programming is not how to write that damn loop, but what to put in it. Because, you know, syntax is easy: read the manual and type what the hell they say is correct. And if it's not working, read the output of that damn compiler, check the manual again and guess what's wrong. But to answer the question "what are the steps needed to reach this result?", you need a deeper comprehension of the underlying problem. Oh god, you may even have to think for yourself, and there's no tool for that.