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First Digital Simulation of an Entire Life Form 271

An anonymous reader writes "LiveScience is reporting on what appears to be the first digital simulation of an entire life form. Researchers created more than a million digital atoms to reverse engineer the satellite tobacco mosaic virus, a relatively simple organism. But is it really a life form? From the article: 'Viruses are tiny bundles of protein and genetic material that straddle the line between life and non-life. Many scientists prefer to call them "particles" because even though they contain RNA or DNA like other lifeforms, they can only replicate inside other living cells.'"
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First Digital Simulation of an Entire Life Form

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  • by TripMaster Monkey ( 862126 ) * on Monday March 27, 2006 @05:43PM (#15006211)

    Story is a dupe...original story can be found here [slashdot.org].
  • by tskirvin ( 125859 ) on Monday March 27, 2006 @05:58PM (#15006344) Homepage
    The main research page [uiuc.edu] may interest some of you. And for those that it doesn't help, perhaps you want to look at our Linux clusters [uiuc.edu] instead?

  • Re:I don't get it (Score:1, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward on Monday March 27, 2006 @06:07PM (#15006421)
    Every single form of life has precursors to life. So the precursor here is different. What's the big fuss?

    Well, the "big fuss" is not that viruses may or may not be life. (That debate has been going on for quite some time.) The big fuss is that this is the first time something this large has been simulated in atomic detail on a computer.

    Getting back to your question, though, a virus is different from a "living" organism, in that it requires another living organism to replicate. You might protest, saying that animals eat other living organisms, but they don't *need* other living organisms - your quarter pounder with cheese was living at one point, but isn't at the time you eat it. Even if your food is alive when you eat it, your digestive system does a respectable job of killing everything off and breaking things down before taking up and using it.

    On a more technical level, most if not all viruses do not contain the enzymes needed to do a full cycle of replication on their genome (some exceptions, like non-retrovirus RNA viruses), nor to do the DNA-mRNA transcription, nor (most importantly) to do the mRNA->protein translation. Nor is there much in the way of genes for nutrient aquisition or processing. There is little to nothing going on in a virus particle, metabolism wise. It's merely a packet of genes, ready to take advantage of some other organisms accumulated nutrients and information processing machinery.

    The "only" thing which makes the life/not-life distinction fuzzy is that it is capable of directing production of additional copies of itself, such that it fufils all the requirements for evolution*. I put "only" in quotes, because it is a pretty big thing, and is arguably the only requirement for something to be "life."

    As you could possibly guess, I come down on the "not life" side, but there is a whole lot of "but WTF does it matter if it's living or not? A virus as a virus is interesting enough in it's own right. Life/Not life is an rather arbitrary distinction anyway" in there too.

    *If you don't believe in Evolution, don't bother wasting time to understand this post. Just consult your holy book as to if a virus is alive.
  • by Expert Determination ( 950523 ) on Monday March 27, 2006 @06:09PM (#15006431)
    This is such a misleading headline. It's a simulation of the dynamics of the proteins forming the outer case of the virus to understand how it maintains its structure. It's purely about studying the structure - like an engineer's finite element simulation of a bridge. It's great work from this point of view. But it's not a simulation of any kind of biological process because the time scale is something like nanoseconds. So yes, it's a simulation, but it's not a simulation of a lifeform qua a lifeform.

    And that word 'lifeform' - it brings the quality of the reporting down to the level of Star Trek psychobabble. Try 'organsim', or even 'virus', next time.

  • by x2A ( 858210 ) on Monday March 27, 2006 @06:21PM (#15006542)
    "but you can't use a fraction of the word"

    you've obviously never heard one of bush's speeches ;-)

  • by infinite8s ( 106243 ) on Monday March 27, 2006 @06:36PM (#15006667)
    > If we assume that all physical processes can be simulated by a computer (given complete knowledge of the laws of physics), which seems to be a safe assumption...

    Aha, but your given is anything but, and hence your asumption isn't so safe.
  • Re:I don't get it (Score:2, Informative)

    by m50d ( 797211 ) on Monday March 27, 2006 @06:48PM (#15006778) Homepage Journal
    What I don't understand is how virii can be considered non-living when other parasites are.

    They're relying on their host for basic life functions, such as reproduction (OK, bad example as you have flowers/bees and so on) and even respiration. Every life form relies on something external for a food source, that's fair enough, but if you call a virus alive then you might as well say genes are life forms in their own right.

  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday March 27, 2006 @06:54PM (#15006835)
    If we can not simulate how a protein folds in 3D space, how can we hope to simulate a virus' structure which involves a whole lot of proteins?

    "If we can't simulate how the big bang happened, how can we ever hope to simulate a pendulum, which was created from the big bang?"

    True, simulating the folding of a protein is a difficult task. But simulating how a protein behaves once it is already folded is a much easier task. The important thing to note is that they aren't simulating the "folding" of a virus, they are simulating atom movements within an already assembled virus.

    It's true that they don't represent all the atomic details of the system, and you could argue that this means they aren't truely "simulating" the virus, but in that case, you'd have to argue we couldn't "simulate" a pendulum or a plane flight, because we aren't modeling the thermal fluctuations of the atoms in the metal, or the boorish behavior of the passenger in seat 23F.

    (But I agree - the exercise was a whole lot of flash with little substance. Just a demonstration that it could be done, with little scientific merit. -- Hey, much like the Moon Landings!)
  • by fnurb ( 310028 ) on Monday March 27, 2006 @07:35PM (#15007122)
    As Kurzweil and many others have pointed out, we don't need to simulate every single neuron and synapse, let alone every single neurotransmitter molecule, in order to simulate the operations of an intelligent brain. Rather, research now focuses on simulating cognitive processes at a much higher symbolic level. The results, from auditory simulations of human audio processing to an artificial pancreas, show that many complex biochemical processes can be simulated to the required level of detail without bothering with simulating down to the quantum level or anywhere near it.

    The math represented thus becomes quite different, and, given a simple extrapolation of accelerating returns regarding computing power per cost, show that within a decade we *will* have the processing ability to create a functional digital brain at the complexity level of a human brain. This doesn't automatically mean that model will be instantly intelligent, but, when you factor in our accelerating understanding and ability to model abstract thought processes in software on top of our ability to model the physical functions of the brain, it is not unreasonable to suppose that we will produce true digital intelligence by way of a bottom-up simulation of brain processes. Add in the accelerating returns principle, and, within a few years after that, our digital model wil have processing power thousands and then millions of time that of a single brain, which in turn, even before sentience can be used to help us refine our behavioral models of thought processes-- and the likelyhood that it will cross the threshold of intelligence approaches certainty.

    It is only a matter of time, and the surprising thing is, if one simply projects the curve outward, how soon it will likely happen.
  • by chrisjbuck ( 950790 ) on Monday March 27, 2006 @08:57PM (#15007654)
    A (biological) virus does not eat or photosynthesize or have any metabolism at all. That's why they are virus particles, other than the slow degradation of all complex molecules if you have a tube full of virii they will just sit in the tube forever. Doing nothing. If you add sugar, protein, complex carbohydrates and sunlight to the tube of virii they will... sit there. Doing nothing. Not eating. Not metabolizing. Not replicating. Living things would either die, metabolize, or replicate, the virii do not. The virii does contain genetic information, if inserted into a cell the information is used to hijack the cell into making more copies of the virus. The virus may only encode a handful of proteins, but it uses the ribosomes and other protein building apparatus of the infected cell to make the viral proteins, and more copies of the viral genetic info (DNA or RNA) which is packaged and released from the cell (sometimes killing the cell in the process, sometimes not). Does this mean the virus is alive? All the protein synthesis, and packaging of the virus is done by the infected cell, the virus does not technically replicate itself, which is part of what we define as "life as we know it". They are not dead they just exist as a glitch. A primordial cell probably had a mutation that produced lots of particles that happened to be capable of causing the same glitch in other cells they encountered, virii are perhaps analagous to a "goto" loop that somehow copies itself to other programs, more than to actual computer viruses which imitate their biological namesake only to a certain degree. Maybe when the sony robot dogs start giving each other roborabies via bluetooth the analogy will be closer... IAABC - I am a biochemist - but genetic coding is still trickier than php scripting :P
  • by JesseL ( 107722 ) on Monday March 27, 2006 @11:12PM (#15008265) Homepage Journal
    You're welcome. Here's the correct quotes with attributions (from a fortune file circa 1989):

      "Anything created must necessarily be inferior to the essence of the creator."
    -- Claude Shouse (shouse@macomw.ARPA)

    "Einstein's mother must have been one heck of a physicist."
    -- Joseph C. Wang (joe@athena.mit.edu)
  • by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday March 28, 2006 @04:17AM (#15009117)
    virii is the plural of "man" and means "men"
    No. viri is the plural of vir ("man") and means "men". virii doesn't mean anything at all, at least not in Latin.
  • by supertsaar ( 540181 ) on Tuesday March 28, 2006 @05:09AM (#15009238) Homepage Journal
    As far as I recall the critiria would be:
    Can reproduce
    Has a metabolism
    Viruses do not have a metabolism.....
  • by supertsaar ( 540181 ) on Tuesday March 28, 2006 @12:24PM (#15011173) Homepage Journal
    Virusses _never_ have a metabolism at any stage.

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