Godel, Escher, Bach -- 20th Anniversary Edition

Tal Cohen has taken a close look at Douglas R. Hofstadter's Godel, Escher, Bach -- 20th Anniversary Edition. He's returned to the book to try and explain what the book is really about-using a new foreword. Definitely a book worth checking out - click below to read more.

Godel, Escher, Bach -- 20th Anniversary Edition
author	Douglas R. Hofstadter
pages
publisher	Basic Books
rating	12/10
reviewer	Tal Cohen
ISBN	0-465-02656-7
summary	Twenty years after its original release, the author of this spectacular masterpiece clarifies, once and for all, what the book is actually about.

In an interview to Wired magazine a few years back, Douglas R. Hofstadter, author of Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid (GEB for short) complained that most people, even those who actually read the book, couldn't tell what it's really about. Yes, it talks about music and art, mathematics and zen, biochemistry and computer languages; but none of these is what the book is really about.

This seems to be a real problem, because in the new "20th Anniversary Edition" of the book, Hofstadter says that the question "so what is this book about?" haunted him since he was scribbling the first drafts, back in 1973. Now, twenty years after its first publication (in 1979), the author decided to clarify the matter once and for all, and added a new 23-page preface that, among other things, clarifies the issue.

So -- what is this book about? The New York Times bestsellers list originally summarized it as "A scientist argues that reality is a system of interconnected brains".

Hogwash.

The Jargon File (4.1.0) says it's "a brilliant tapestry themed on the concept of encoded self-reference". Brilliant, yes; but otherwise not very accurate. Another common definition is "a book that shows how math, art, and music are really all the same thing at their core". Hofstadter says he heard this one over and over again, even by people who read the book, and it is (in his own words) "a million miles off".

My own review of the book (http://www.forum2.org/tal/books/geb.html), the single most popular page on my web site, says that the book is about "the question of consciousness and the possibility of artificial intelligence. It is a book that attempts to discover what 'self' really means".

Much closer (but I had the advantage of reading that Wired interview).

"In a word," writes Hofstadter in the new preface, "GEB is a very personal attempt to say how it is that animate beings can come out of inanimate matter. What is a self, and how can a self come out of stuff that is as selfless as a stone or a puddle?". His explanation goes on, and clarifies at least one thing: despite its beautiful playfulness, GEB is a serious book presenting a serious theory about consciousness. Despite its popularity, it is not a "popular science" book.

If you already read GEB, you're probably wondering what else is new in the 20th Anniversary Edition -- other than the new preface. Certainly, there were many possibilities. Most ideas were about additional chapters -- about progress made in the last twenty years in the field of artificial intelligence, or about machine translation, and more. There was also the idea of including a new dialogue, that was previously published elsewhere. Wilder suggestions went as far as releasing GEB with a CD-ROM including the Escher's art, Bach's works and recordings of all of GEB's dialogues by professional narrators.

None of that.

Not a word was changed; not a figure added; not even, the author admits, the few typos fixed. The book is a facsimile of the original release, with even page numbering left intact (the preface pages use a separate numbering, from P-1 to P-23). The CD-ROM suggestion was turned down because Hofstadter "intended GEB as a book, not as a multimedia circus, and a book it shall remain". The other suggestions were turned down for more delicate reasons.

But while the preface is the only change, it is a very important one. For first-time readers, it clears several aspects of the book before they commence reading. This is important, especially because GEB is anything but an easy read (some compared reading it to giving birth). For returning readers, the introduction clarifies many things, and sheds a new light on several aspects.

In addition to establishing, once and for all, a formal definition to what the book is about, the introduction also describes the history of the book, and the history of its authors for the last twenty years. You probably heard about the books he wrote later -- Metamagical Themas, Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies, The Mind's I (as a co-editor), and Le Ton beau de Marot: in Praise of the Music of Language . These books cover much of the suggested additions to GEB: Fluid Concepts, for example, covers Hofstadter's research work, while Le Ton beau de Marot includes a lengthy discussion (or rather, a lengthy attack) on machine translation -- among many other things.

The preface also talks about GEB's translations, a suggested sex-change operation for the Tortoise, a brief account of Hofstadter's recent literary efforts, and more.

Since you probably owe yourself a re-read of the book (you did read it before, right?), the new edition is a good excuse as any to start now.

For a complete review of the original Gödel, Escher, Bach, visit http://www.forum2.org/tal/books/geb.html.

To purchase this book, head over to Amazon.

For my review of Le Ton beau de Marot, see http://www.forum2.org/tal/books/marot.html.

GEB and Goedel's theorem

I believe a problem with GEB is that it propagates the view that Goedel's incompleteness theorem is about self-reference. It took me years after reading GEB to realise that the theorem is actually about ambiguity.

The way I understand it today : suppose you wanted to formalize a dictionary - to make the definitions of a dictionary mechanically constraining. What the theorem says, is that this will not make ambiguity disappear : your whole dictionary will become ambiguous. At some point, it becomes possible to redefine many terms of the dictionary simultaneously, in such a manner that their definitions don't change. The "new" meaning of a term is given by reading the definition, using the "new" meaning of the words forming the definition, while the "old" meaning is obtained by reading the very same words according to their (respective) "old" meaning.

Further, such "symmetries" are function of the current state of the (incomplete) dictionary, which means that, while a single state of the dictionary covers many consistent interpretations of it, the correct wording for the definition of a new entry, may *not* be indifferent to the interpretation you choose for the dictionary (as it is before adding that entry).

Now GEB possibly states something very much like this, I don't remember : but the fact is that it insists so much on the self-reference in Goedel's proof that a view such as the above one appears at odds with what GEB says.

Boris Borcic [e-mail]

Finished reading

I haven't finished life, either, but I'm not about to say that I don't think it's good.

GEB:EGB was not simply a collection of facts to be absorbed, like a text book. It is a stream of consciousness, to be experienced. reading it enriched my life. I was disappointed when i had finished the book, as a pleasant experience had ended. Reading the book again was not as enjoyable as reading it for the first time; the information was the same, but I'd already experienced it.