Starting Forth by Leo Brodie -- especially the "under the hood" chapter. Runner-up for me is the PostScript Language Tutorial and Cookbook. These books gave me whole news way of thinking about programming, which doesn't happen very often.

English did not get the word "father" from Latin "pater" because it has undergone the germanic sound shift. If we had taken the word modern from latin, we would have a word like: "priest", "paster" or "padre". Note that all three of these words are decended from the Latin word "pater". But "father" is definitely not.

Padre is from Latin pater via Spanish; the others aren't from pater at all. Pastor is a borrowing of the Latin word for "shepherd" and priest is ultimately from Greek presbyteros "elder".