I've received obviously personalized replies from Senator Kyl's office on multiple occasions. He happened to be my own senator, but that's not bad for the #2 republican in the Senate, even if it was just a staff member composing the letter. The president I've never gotten more than a form letter and a Christmas card. Other representatives are somewhere in between.
The trick is not to write on the night before a vote, but to write when a bill for their committee just got introduced, when they still have time to influence it, and maybe make improvements based on constituent input. Once a bill gets out on the floor, it's all a dog and pony show.
As far as local and state representatives go, they are usually accessible enough to be able to just go and talk to them at local events. Even your federal congressman can answer your questions in person at town halls. You just have to know where to go.