What this is really about is whether or not the government can buy your metadata or if it can only get it as a result of a court issued warrant. The problem we face, with modern technology, is that there's so much metadata available (in log files, databases, etc) that there's no extra expense required by the telco to provide it. If you wind the clock back to the 1960s or 1970s, providing call data on telephones was at an extra expense (how many of you old timers or your parents ever asked for itemized bills with the comensurate fee for that?) and there was no easy way for the government to process it. Now everything is different.
The collection of information by the mobile phone operators will happen. It is necessary for them to be able to operate their networks. The government agencies are exploiting a loop hole in the law where they can gain access to data if they buy it. Where in the constitution prohibit the government from buying such data? There's nothing. Maybe the 4th ammendment can protect you but the government isn't interacting with you, it is getting data from the telco and it isn't doing it in secret (such as tap'ing the telco's fibers.) Since GPRS is now encrypted, it would be difficult to make an argument that your phone is broadcasting information that anyone/everyone can receive.
The goal of the USA is commerce and telcos have found a way to engage in commerce with the government that's only appeared in the last 10-20 years. If there was a prohibition on the government engaging in commerce directly with telcos, what about data wharehouses that buy the data from telcos and then sell it to whoever has the money?
The only acceptable outcome here is that the government (all arms of it) should be prohibited from acquiring any data that can be used to directly or indirectly identify an individual unless a warrant has been issued. The government puts restrictions on what the people at large can buy/sell, now it is time for some restrictions to be put in place on what the government can buy/sell.