Chrome does require authentication for every password retrieval. It uses Windows Hello as well so in theory you don't even have a password to intercept since something like facial recognition authentication via a FIDO2 handshake is what ultimately allows Chrome to fill a single password on a single site.
Maybe I'm misunderstanding what you mean by 'auth' here, but on my PCs (Windows 10):
It does require auth for passkeys, I think every time, but not for regular saved passwords in the browser. I have Windows Hello set up for a couple passkeys and I have to auth via Hello when I use them.
But I have regular saved passwords for almost every other website I use routinely and am not prompted to auth via Hello for that. My understanding is that for these, the auth/unlock is done once at user login and then the session has access to the unencrypted passwords.
(I posted elsewhere in this thread about Chrome using DPAPI as of 2024 - this was news to me so it's possible I'm just way out of date).