Wine runs in user space. I don't see how Wine could ever run drivers, such as peripheral drivers required by things like the iPhone sync functionality of iTunes or kernel-level anti-cheat required by major online games supporting pickup matches with strangers.

People who use software that requires Windows are "forced" to buy Windows along with a new PC. An OEM Windows 10 license that came with a PC is locked to that PC. A new PC purchased to replace a PC that cannot be upgraded to Windows 11 will come with a new Windows license.

Start with stage0 (whose binary seed is about 1 KiB) and GNU Mes. Use mescc to build tinycc, then GCC 2.95, then GCC 4.7, then fairly modern GCC, and then use mrustc to build some version of Rust. The time-consuming part is that each version of the Rust toolchain uses fairly new features in the Rust language, so yes, you'll probably have to build the world a couple dozen times starting with the most recent version supported by mrustc.

If I had to guess, we let this happen by the USA electing George W. Bush in 2000. His incoming Attorney General settled United States v. Microsoft Corp., 253 F.3d 34 (D.C. Cir. 2001), with a wrist slap instead of a Windows division breakup.

You probably guessed correctly: equitable relief in the form of an injunction against Disney bringing a trademark lawsuit. I haven't read the complaint, but I'd be surprised if it didn't cite Kellogg and Dastar.

The Supreme Court of the United States has decided a few cases about the interaction between the Lanham Act, which inclues trademark law, and exclusive rights pursuant to the Copyright Clause. Key cases includes Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co., 305 U.S. 111 (1938), and Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp., 539 U.S. 23 (2003). In both cases, the Court ruled that the Lanham Act cannot be used to extend the effective term of exclusive rights in an invention whose patent has expired or a work whose copyright has expired. Disney's legal counsel ought to be familiar with the latter case, seeing as it involved a company that is now a subsidiary of Disney.

From the article:

The Go project recently arranged for Go itself to be completely reproducible given only the source code, meaning that although a build needs some computer running some operating system and some earlier Go toolchain, none of those choices matters."

[...]

The Multics review is famous for pointing out the possibility of adding a back door to a compiler to insert back doors in critical system programs during compilation [...]. Reading the report inspired Ken Thompson to implement exactly that attack on an early Unix system, probably in early 1975. He later explained the attack in his 1983 Turing Award lecture, published in Communications as "Reflections on Trusting Trust."

David A. Wheeler described a defense against a back door that propagates through the compiler in a 2009 PhD dissertation titled Fully Countering Trusting Trust through Diverse Double-Compiling . Diverse double-compiling (DDC) involves choosing two or more other independently developed compilers A and B for a language, bootstrapping compiler C from source code through each of them (building C with A or B and then building C with itself), and ensuring that the output is byte-identical. This relies on previous effort to make builds reproducible.

However, DDC also relies on having more than one implementation of a particular language. Go and Rust each have only one widely used implementation. This means someone trying to wrangle a supply chain has to do one of three things: trust a particular old version of a compiler not to have a back door, compile every version since the dawn of the language (such as when Rust was prototyped in OCaml), or implement a usable subset of the language in a more widely implemented language. This is why mrustc is so important, as it's a way to skip forward by several years' worth of versions when bootstrapping a Rust compiler.

From the article: "The only problem left is key distribution: The verifier must know who should have signed the code. [...] To the extent that questions of identity can be solved, having authors sign their software can provide even stronger guarantees." It goes on to describe how Debian and Go package repositories include the expected hash value of a package, so that package downloading tools can reject a package that has been replaced.

However, the approach used by Debian to verify developers' identity, that of new developers physically meeting existing trusted developers at key signing parties to exchange OpenPGP public keys, doesn't scale very well. A lot of contributors are disconnected from the strongly connected set of the web of trust because they cannot travel to key signing parties. This can be because of cost, work or child care scheduling, regulatory restrictions related to geopolitics, or regulatory restrictions related to public health (most recently during 2020-2021). These disconnected contributors must forever rely on the bottleneck of "sponsors" (trusted developers who forward packages from the maintainer to the distribution) to get their work into a distribution.

And sponsors are indeed a bottleneck. From the article: "And then you need to be ready to update to a fixed version of that dependency." When a package's upstream maintainer releases an updated version of a package, the package's sponsor in a particular distribution may be too busy with other tasks to handle it the same day. This can mean that there is no available labor to forward the update to the rolling distribution and backport the fix to the version of the package in a stable distribution.

I imagine that the first question after installing Linux would be "Now how do I sync albums that I bought on the band's Bandcamp page onto my iPhone?" As far as I'm aware:

- iTunes for Windows uses the Apple Mobile Device Service driver to sync over a USB cable, and drivers don't run in Wine.
- libimobiledevice on Linux can write files to an iPhone but not the music database that the included Music app uses.
- Though the VLC app can play music from files, nothing but the included Music app can make playlists containing both purchased music and rented music from the roommate's Apple Music family plan. Not all bands are with a label that's on Apple Music.

I left Windows on her laptop and turned off S Mode.

Many new computers with Windows 11, such as a Lenovo IdeaPad that my roommate received as a birthday gift, come set to "S Mode" and will not run applications from outside the Store. There is a way to disable S Mode permanently on a particular PC. This shows a sequence of alert boxes whose wording may be scary to particularly nontechnical users such as my roommate.

In my part of the United States, both Kroger and Dollar Tree impose a surcharge for cash back on a debit transaction. Walmart still does not.

The claim was that trade deficits were the closest thing to an emergency that the President could find as a justification. I explained that the fentanyl use epidemic was the other justification, which some people might have an easier time accepting as an emergency.

As I understand the executive order abolishing de minimis entry, the tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China aren't based on trade deficit as much as on these countries' failure to cooperate in preventing fentanyl and fentanyl precursors from getting smuggled into the USA.

There is danger to the user's bank accounts from running an app that was made for the primary purpose of enabling financial scams, social-engineering the user into draining their life savings. The previous featured article states that the initial set of countries where Google plans to put this policy change into effect (Brazil, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand) are hotbeds of scamware distributed through unknown sources.

Correct: AHRA's carveout extends only to noncommercial use. However, I still find it useful to distinguish a statutory "carveout" from a (theoretically negotiated) "license", even when there's something in between the two called a "compulsory license".

In case anyone's confused:

The quotation was from the lyrics of the song "I Want Your Sex" from George Michael's 1987 solo debut Faith . That song's lyrics are from the point of view of the male in a heterosexual monogamous couple: "I can't take much more, girl / I'm losing control" (my emphasis). Michael's turn toward specifically gay lyrics would come several years later, starting around 1998.