But that's the big issue: no one can build a new reactor today. And no, not because of NRC regulations. America literally has no steel plants large enough to create a nuclear pressure vessel. These things are massive, and historically had to be transported by river or have specialized roads put in to move them. The last steel plant that could make these closed decades ago.
"For very large 'Generation III+' reactors, production of the pressure vessel requires, or is best undertaken by, forging presses of about 140-150 MN (14-15,000 tonnes) capacity which accept hot steel ingots of 500-600 tonnes. These are not common, and individual large presses do not have high throughput – about four pressure vessels per year appears to be common at present, fitted in with other work, though the potential is greater than this.
Reactor vendors prefer large forgings to be integral, as single products, but for large units split forgings are welded together. These welds then need checking through the life of the plant, and the fewer that are required in fabrication the better. Also, whereas Generation II reactors might have required some 2000 tonnes of forgings, the largest modern designs require about twice this amount. For example, Westinghouse has said that the minimum requirement for making the largest AP1000 components is a 15,000 tonne press taking 350 tonne ingots.
The very heavy forging capacity in operation today is in Japan (Japan Steel Works), China (China First Heavy Industries, China Erzhong, Shanghai Electric), South Korea (Doosan, Taewoong), France (Le Creusot), and Russia (OMZ Izhora, Atommash, Petrozavodskmash, ZiO-Podolsk).
New capacity is being built by these and other companies in Japan, China, South Korea, Czech Republic and Russia.
New capacity is planned in India (Larsen & Toubro, Bharat Heavy Electricals, Bharat Forge Ltd). In China the Harbin Boiler Co. and SEC subsidiary SENPE are increasing capacity.
Nothing in North America currently approaches these enterprises.* The changed position of the USA is remarkable. In the 1940s it manufactured over 2700 Liberty ships, each 10,800 tonne DWT – possibly pioneering modular construction at that scale (average construction time was 42 days in the shipyard). In the 1970s it had a substantial heavy infrastructure, but today China, Japan, South Korea, India, Europe and Russia are all well ahead of it. Steelmaker ArcelorMittal, based in Luxembourg, now owns the US company which built most US reactor pressure vessels in the 1970s-1980s.
*In the 1970s, requirements were more modest: both US Steel and Bethlehem Steel had 8000 tonne presses and could handle 300 tonne ingots. US forging capacity has not been significantly upgraded since, partly due to lack of integration with steel mills and melt shops to supply the hot steel as 600-tonne ingots."
https://world-nuclear.org/info...
The smaller reactors people are talking about are totally non-viable. Nuclear works because of the scale.
OPG has run the numbers and disagrees. On the bright side their SMR construction continues along on time so you will have some real examples to learn from soon.
https://www.opg.com/projects-s...