Honestly, once one realizes that the constitution was written even before electricity, I think I can easily argue that the geofence describes it.
The trick is to realize that "particularly" does not mean "specifically" really. A warrant can be rather vague on what is to be seized, like "money", "documents", "drugs", etc...
In this case the location is rather specific in location and time: The vicinity of the Bank during the robbery.
Things to be seized: Digital data stretches this a bit, but "phone number and associated account holder" is also being specific.
In this case, even if it is 500 innocent bystanders being identified, I know of modern non-electronic searches that inconvenience far more people, like setting up blockades during a manhunt.
The founding fathers were, for the most part reasonable. The questions would thus be:
1. Does this have a fairly good chance of identifying the perp?
2. Can the search be restricted more without reducing the odds of identifying the perp?
In this case, the answer to 1 is yes, and 2 is no. That gives the court a strong argument to allow this.
It'd be equivalent to seizing a hotel's guest registry, for example, if a murder happened in the hotel and they thought a guest did it.
Would actually be LESS invasive than that, come to think of it. A guest registry of the 18th century could have months and maybe years of entries.