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Comment Re:Languages or intelligence? (Score 1) 100

One of the many problems with the laity is misunderstanding correlation, causation, and thinking that correlation != causation rather than that correlation implies causation. With a baseline and a delta you can derive all sorts of useful causal relationships, particularly for complex systems where direct simple causation isn't applicable, because you have one to many, many to many, and many to one type interactions in feedback loops.

Comment Re:so which is the cause and which is the result? (Score 3, Insightful) 100

In a large study like this, a simple way to ensure you have the arrow of causality pointed the right way is to do baseline measurements in your cohort. Correlation is described as cause and effect in the press because correlation does imply causation, it just doesn't prove it. You need proper study design to determine whether correlative variables have a shared cause or a causal relationship and what the sequence is. So, if you see brain plasticity increase after learning more languages then you've your implied cause and effect supported. As with any complex phenomena it is a bit hard to nail down all the variables, and with something like brain plasticity there'll be multiple contributors in addition to language learning, so a large cohort helps ensure you're not getting into the weeds on outliers, and avoid declaring that e.g. folks with high cholesterol are drawn to foods rich in saturated fat rather than the correct causal relationship.

Comment Re:Observational study can't claim causality... (Score 1) 330

You don't need a double blind study to establish causality, a double blind study is done to mitigate bias. This sort of basic scientific error has become very common in anti-intellectual circles, you have to be careful who you're picking up habits from. A correlative study is exactly what you'd expect to use when comparing different parameters such as these, you can generally set up the data set with slicers to compare stuff like the A pillar size, or blind spot monitors as you point out. Tellingly raising the front hood line, that they're pointing out here, doesn't really have any positive impacts (pun) correlated for anyone?

Comment Re:You don't have to be dependent (Score 2) 123

You're not wrong about tribalism, but as a fellow American, Europe can either trade with a brutal dictatorship for EV chargers, trade with a brutal dictatorship engaged in war on their doorsteps for natural gas, or keep on depending on a insipient wannabe brutal dictatorship's military to keep oil trade via sea going. I think the EU is techie enough that if China turned off the chargers somehow for some reason they could nationalize and lobotomize the hardware, but compared to America and Russia they aren't really as likely to come to blows.

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