Comment Re:Does rtkhunter... (Score 1) 219
There's an interesting third approach, used by Sysinternals's (now part of MS) RootkitRevealer for Windows.
Basically, enumerate all the files on the system using the usual OS APIs. Then, scan the entire raw disk, and enumerate all the files on the system by manually interpreting the directory structures stored on-disk. Any files whose directory entries exist on-disk, but don't show up in the OS's API (with a few standard system exceptions) are being hidden from the OS API layer by a rootkit.
It's certainly theoretically possible to fool, by having your rootkit hook the APIs used to read the raw disk, and returning innocuous values, but that's a good bit harder to do than the other stuff rootkits usually do. Some rootkits fooled it by not hiding their files if the process trying to look them up was named RootkitRevealer.exe, so the tool took to making a randomly-named copy of itself and executing that.