Different apps. I haven't been in Cydia recently, but I'd wager that the variety of apps that leverage the "rootedness" of an Android phone outnumber what's on an iPhone. Similarly, there are a number of apps (Rocketdial, GoSMS, etc.) that require a jailbreak on iOS
I'm not sure that's the case... besides there are more app options for things that do not require jailbreaking (like custom keyboards for example).
As for the example of apps that require jailbreaking... since the basic assumption is rooted/jailbroken system, why is that an issue? You get to use them if you like either way then.
Well, at initial setup, there's not much that Google can ascertain - your Gmail address, your cell number, your phone carrier, and your location...
Whereas with an Apple tablet all it's going to get is your IP during activation (it asks on first run if you are OK with it collecting location info).
Because if you're rooting, and more specifically installing a custom ROM, carrier updates become irrelevant.
I'm not talking about carrier updates, I'm talking about installing new Google releases, which may have some new collection mechanisms you have not yet blocked or otherwise break your privacy software.
tl;dr: Android sucks, except for all the alternatives.
For out of the box privacy (esp. for the non-technical user) iOS is 1000x better than Android.
For jailbroken privacy for a very technical user, iOS is a tad better. But again it's a matter than the OS is not going to care that it's not collecting your data to transmit back.