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Comment Re:AI is not predictable to humans (Score 1) 408

That reminds me of the first accident I was in. I was 16 and had only been driving for around a year (6 months with a license) when while driving home from school the car in front of me suddenly changed lanes without warning. In front of me was a car stopped to make a left turn over a pair of double yellow lines (clearly illegal). The car I drove (one of my parent's cars, a 1970 Toyota Corona) had really crappy brakes, they were supposed to be power brakes, but I think Toyota forgot the power part. With every ounce of strength I managed to stop in time (it was impossible to make the wheels lock up, the brakes were that crappy!) but the car behind me wasn't so lucky. He hit me, forcing me into the car in front (who should never have stopped there to begin with). When the cop arrived the first thing he said was I was at fault, likely because I was 16, until it was shown that the only reason my car got sandwiched was due to the driver behind me and the stupid woman who stopped to make a left turn there. So even though I rear-ended the car in front of me, I wasn't at fault. I hated that car but the damned engine wouldn't die on it.

Comment Re:Editorializing... (Score 1) 408

This reminds me of my grandmother who drove with a suspended license and Alzheimers. She'd get lost driving around the block and my grandfather wasn't much better. Hell, she even got a new car when the dealership convinced her to trade in her old car because the check engine light came on for only a few hundred dollars, even though she didn't have a valid drivers license and obviously wasn't all there. Thankfully the police were finally able to put a stop to her driving and we were able to commit her to a place where she could get the proper care. We didn't know (but suspected) that she was driving and the way the laws are it can be difficult to stop. When she showed up at the retirement home where my grandfather was staying they called the police because they knew she shouldn't be driving and she got belligerent, suddenly making it a lot easier to get her committed and take away her keys for good.

Comment Re:Not convinced (Score 1) 408

4 out of 48 is useless. You need to look at the number of miles driven. I suspect that these cars drive a lot of miles. A more meaningful metric is how many accidents per 100K miles driven. Also one needs to look at who was at fault for the accident and if it was avoidable. In two of the four cases, the cars were not under autonomous control at the time. I suspect that when all of the data is taken into account that the cars are safer than average.

Comment Re:Fault may not be the right measure. (Score 1) 408

I saw a pedestrian get hit because of this. The pedestrian waited until the sign said "don't walk" and the light for cross traffic turned green before she proceeded to walk across the street. One lane had a line of cars, the other lane was free and the light was green for some time while we waited. The pedestrian stepped right in front of a truck who had the right of way. Fortunately two of the people in the car I was in were EMTs. It was a clear case of the pedestrian being at fault. A few weeks later the exact same thing almost happened but at the last second the pedestrian realized his mistake and ran and missed getting hit by only a few inches.

Comment Re:Fault may not be the right measure. (Score 1) 408

Even with defensive driving some accidents are unavoidable. I've been in several where I was stopped with nowhere to go. Once I was waiting in traffic at an off-ramp and got side-swiped because the other inexperienced driver panicked when changing lanes. I've been backed into while stopped in a parking lot (despite laying on the horn). I've been rear-ended after being forced to panic stop by an idiot driver who stopped to make a left turn over a double yellow line. The car in front of me suddenly changed lanes, I stopped (barely, I was 16 and my parent's clunker had wish brakes, you wish they'd work), the car behind me didn't. My favorite was when I was driving highway 17 in the Santa Cruz mountains during a heavy rainstorm. A car two cars ahead of me hit the brakes on a curve, lost control and did a 360 spinout, hitting the car in front of me. I avoided him, or so I thought, until his car rear-ended me. That took talent! Fortunately no damage to my clunker.

Comment Re:Not yet statistically significant (Score 1) 408

It depends on the number of miles driven for those four cars and where they were driven. I suspect that those cars are driving a hell of a lot more than your standard driver. You also need to look at where the accidents happened and what the statistics are for that area. Also, who was at fault and could the accident have been avoided? In two of the four cases, the cars were not under autonomous control at the time.

Comment Re:Does This Make Sense? (Score 1) 318

Battery evolution has been moving along at a fairly steady pace averaging around a 5-8% improvement in capacity per year. In addition, the longevity has been steadily increasing and charge times have been steadily decreasing and cost have been dropping fairly rapidly, much faster than predicted.

If you compare today's batteries used in cars compared to those a decade ago there is really no comparison. Today's batteries have much higher capacities, much longer life and at a much lower cost.

http://www.carbonbrief.org/blo...

Here's a chart from 2012. Tesla is selling their grid storage battery packs at around $250/KWh and with the gigafactory the prices will be further reduced. This is the price point where BEVs start to become price competitive with gasoline cars.

http://www.mckinsey.com/insigh...

Battery prices are already at or below where they were predicted to be in 2020 just a few years ago.

http://theenergycollective.com...

On average, battery energy doubles every ten years.

http://kk.org/thetechnium/2009...
http://electronicdesign.com/po...

Comment Re:Does This Make Sense? (Score 1) 318

The Tesla AC induction motor has a fairly flat torque curve to around 6000RPM where it starts to drop off gradually. There are no permanent magnets in the Tesla motor. The synchronous motors seem to drop off faster in their torque curves from what I've seen.

As far as the energy required to build batteries, Tesla's gigafactory will be solar powered. They also last a lot longer than 5 years as has been shown with the original Roadster batteries, which are lasting much better than they expected. The model S batteries are much improved over the original Roadster batteries as well. If they die after 5 years, why would Tesla offer an unlimited mile 8-year warranty. From some of my conversations with Tesla they should last well over 8 years for most people. If the full cycle range were limited to only 3,000 cycles that's still well over 600,000 miles for the 85KWh battery pack since you get well over 200 miles per charge. Owners have already exceeded 100,000 miles and not seen any significant drop in range or performance. Recycling the batteries takes even less energy than it does to produce the batteries using virgin material. The batteries also contain only around 3% lithium. The other materials are pretty common, carbon, cobalt and aluminum.

Comment Re:File this under "NO SHIT" (Score 1) 264

I agree, that's not a hack. I work on bootloaders and need to directly access low-level hardware registers and whatnot on 64-bit MIPS processors. I only need about a page of assembly code to do things like set up part of the L1 cache as stack memory and initialize a few registers before switching to C code. For some of the registers that require assembly to access we have macros to hide it. I certainly don't consider it a hack. Even inline assembly isn't necessarily a hack since some things require it, such as atomic operations, dealing with caches and stuff like that.

Comment Great news (Score 1) 63

This is great news. When I was in college the microprocessor design class used a variant of MIPS though this started the quarter after I took the class. In my class we had to wire-wrap a 16-bit MIPS-like CPU using discrete chips and a couple programmable ones. MIPS is relatively easy to implement for educational purposes due to the simple instruction encoding and clean architecture. MIPS, unlike some other processors like ARM, also allows you to add your own instructions using coprocessor 2 which can be a great way to differentiate a processor and enhance it for different tasks. MIPS is a much simpler design compared to ARM or even PowerPC. MIPS is still widely used, especially in networking devices.

For example, my current employer has added a lot of instructions useful for encryption and hashing as well as some useful atomic instructions.

The move from 32-bits to 64-bits is actually quite clean on MIPS which did not require any major changes to the instruction set other than adding 64-bit instructions and sign-extending the 32-bit instructions. There are a few warts on it, such as the fact that the instruction following a branch instruction is always executed (SPARC is the same way). This is no longer all that useful with modern superscalar architectures and the branch delay slot can't always be filled with something useful. Things are also a bit cramped for 32-bits since only the lower 2GB of memory is available for user-space. Kernel space (KSEG0) is from 0x80000000-0x9fffffff and an uncached copy is at 0xa0000000-0xbfffffff. 0xC0000000 - 0xDFFFFFFF can be mapped using the translation look-aside buffer, making another 512MB available to the kernel. Both of these address ranges map directly to the lower 512MB of RAM which somewhat limits things. In 64-bit mode this isn't a problem though since all addresses are sign-extended. Another nice feature in kernel mode is that all physical addresses can be directly accessed, without requiring any special mapping other than setting bit 63 to 1.

Most MIPS processors do not use a hardware page table walker, instead relying on a software configured translation look-aside buffer. When there's a page miss, a quick interrupt occurs to replace an entry in that table with some hardware assist. This goes back to the original philosophy of keeping the hardware design simple. Due to the way it works, it allows total freedom with how page tables are represented in the operating system though there can be a slightly bigger overhead compared to hardware page tables.

The instruction set is quite clean and the instruction encodings are quite simple with only a few classes of instructions, unlike ARM64. Instruction decoding can be handled with only a few look-up tables. MIPS assembly language is far simpler and straight forward than, say X86 and it's quite mature, though not all processors implement all instructions. Many embedded MIPS processors lack floating point and the multimedia extensions, and many are 32-bit only. This helps cut cost and power when making chips for devices that don't need these features. MIPS also can scale up nicely. For example, the chips I work with currently scale up to 48 cores per chip and with two chips running in tandem Linux runs on 96 cores, all with a coherent cache. The newer ABIs are nice in that the only real difference between N32 and N64 is that pointers are 64-bits instead of 32-bits, just about everything else is the same so you get all of the features of 64-bit registers but keep the compactness of 32-bit pointers. This has been present for many years and is a fairly recent addition to X86 and ARM.

Comment Re:Many small solutions through a day (Score 1) 174

I wear my watch all the time, including in the shower. I like it because it does one thing well, tell me the time and date. I never have to set it except for daylight savings (it synchronizes itself every night) and I don't have to wind it up or charge it (it charges itself via solar). It's also waterproof to 100M and pretty tough (I tend to be hard on watches). If it breaks I'm also not out $600 and it won't go obsolete in a year.

Comment Re:Landing vs splashdown (Score 1) 342

My father was is engineer who worked on some aerospace and defense stuff while I was growing up. He worked on a data recorder that went up on Skylab. He offered to fly up and fix it if anything went wrong. My mother has always been big on astronomy. I've been Elon Musk's various ventures for quite a while (and ended up buying a Tesla). I've always been impressed with his forward thinking and the smart people he surrounds himself with. My day job is working on the U-Boot bootloader and a little Linux kernel work. Maybe someday it'll even be pushed upstream, but right now it's always not enough time and it's a LOT of code, significantly more than all of the ARM SOCs combined.

Comment Re:Landing vs splashdown (Score 4, Interesting) 342

A couple of months ago I was having a discussion with a fellow from Space X who designs the hydraulic systems and we spoke about a number of issues. This was right after the failed landing due to it running out of hydraulic fluid. I asked about how reusable the engines are and he said that they run test burns lasting hours. The launch is only a few minutes. According to what he said, it should just be a simple matter of refueling and adding more hydraulic fluid and probably some other simple things without having to do a major overhaul. The engines are very reliable.

I asked about why they don't reuse the hydraulic fluid and he said that it was cheaper and lighter to not reuse it. He also said that they knew it could run out and that the next version would have more.

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